Codelists

Some fields in the metadata standard refer to codelists to promote data interoperability. Codelists limit and standardise the possible values of the fields.

Codelists can either be open or closed:

• Closed codelists are intended to be comprehensive; for example, the currency codelist covers all currencies in the world.

• Open codelists are intended to be representative, but not comprehensive.

Publishers must use the codes in the codelists, unless no code is appropriate. If no code is appropriate and the codelist is open, then a publisher may use a new code outside those in the codelist. If no code is appropriate and the codelist is closed, then a publisher should instead create an issue in the RDLS GitHub repository.

Extending open codelists

If you use new codes outside those in an open codelist, please create an issue in the RDLS GitHub repository, so that the codes can be considered for inclusion in the codelist.

The schema has a codelist property to indicate the CSV file that defines the codes in the codelist (shown as tables below). It also has an openCodelist property, to indicate whether the codelist is open or closed.

Codes are case-sensitive, and are generally provided as English language camelCase. Codes must not be translated.

Open codelists

classification_scheme

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Source	Category
GED4ALL	GED4ALL socio-economic taxonomy	The socio-economic taxonomy defined in the Global Exposure Database for Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis (GED4ALL).	https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/GED4ALL#Socio-Economic	Building taxonomy
MOVER	MOVER social vulnerability categories	The social vulnerability categories defined in the Multi-Hazard Open Vulnerability Platform for Evaluating Risk (MOVER).	https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/mover	Socio-economic index
GLIDE	Global Identifier Numbers	Identification codes generated by GLIDE since 2004 for all new disaster events reported by the Asian Disaster Reduction Center and GLIDE partner organizations.	https://www.glidenumber.net/glide/public/search/search.jsp	Disaster identifier
EMDAT	EM-DAT International Disaster Database	EM-DAT contains data on the occurrence and impacts of over 26,000 mass disasters worldwide from 1900 to the present day. The database is compiled from various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organizations, reinsurance companies, research institutes, and press agencies. The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) distributes the data in open access for non-commercial use.	https://www.emdat.be/	Disaster identifier
HAZUS	HAZUS Building Classification	The building occupancy and structural classification system used in FEMA’s HAZUS multi-hazard loss estimation software. Categorizes structures by construction type and occupancy class for use in earthquake flood and hurricane loss modeling.	https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/products-tools/hazus	Building taxonomy
CDC-SVI	CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index	A social vulnerability index developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) that uses U.S. Census data to rank census tracts on 16 social factors grouped into four themes: socioeconomic status; household characteristics; racial and ethnic minority status; and housing type and transportation.	https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/place-health/php/svi/index.html	Socio-economic index
EMS-98	European Macroseismic Scale 1998	The European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) is a standard seismic intensity scale that also classifies buildings into vulnerability classes A through F based on their resistance to earthquake damage. It is widely used across Europe for earthquake impact assessment and macroseismic data compilation.	https://www.gfz.de/en/EMS-98%20%20-%20%20European%20Macroseismic%20Scale%201998	Building taxonomy
PAGER	PAGER-STR Building Taxonomy	The PAGER Structural Type (PAGER-STR) taxonomy is a global classification system for building structural types developed by the USGS as part of the Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) program. It provides standardized structural building types for rapid earthquake loss estimation.	https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/pager/	Building taxonomy
OED	Open Exposure Data	The Open Exposure Data (OED) standard is an open-source property exposure data format developed and maintained by the Oasis Loss Modelling Framework. OED provides a standardized schema for representing insured property exposure data enabling interoperability between catastrophe models and consistent loss estimation across the insurance industry.	https://oasislmf.github.io/sections/OED.html	Building taxonomy
UNDRR-HIPS-2025	United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Hazard Information Profiles: 2025 version	The Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs) serve as a trusted source of scientifically grounded, standardized hazard information used by governments, agencies, researchers and educators worldwide. They support risk assessment, disaster preparedness, loss tracking and multi-sectoral planning. As the risk landscape and its understanding continuously evolve, it was recognized that the HIPs would need to be periodically updated to meet the needs of a wide spectrum of users and recognize the systemic nature of risk. The result is a revised list of 281 hazards grouped into eight hazard types.	https://www.undrr.org/publication/documents-and-publications/hazard-information-profiles-hips-2025-version	Hazard classification

conforms_to

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/ogcapi-features-1/1.0.1	OGC API - Features - Part 1: Core corrigendum, Version 1.0.1
https://docs.ogc.org/DRAFTS/19-087.html	OGC API - Coverages - Part 1: Core, Draft
http://www.opengis.net/doc/IS/ogcapi-tiles-1/1.0	OGC API - Tiles - Part 1: Core, Version 1.0
http://www.opengis.net/def/serviceType/ogc/wms	OGC Web Map Service
http://www.opengis.net/def/serviceType/ogc/wfs	OGC Web Feature Service
http://www.opengis.net/def/serviceType/ogc/wcs	OGC Web Coverage Service
https://api.stacspec.org/v1.0.0/	STAC API, Version 1.0.0

damage_scale_name

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
EMS-98	EMS-98 (Grünthal 1998)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC and Masonry construction, with 5 damage states.
HAZUS-MH_MR4	HAZUS-MH MR4 (FEMA 2003)	Scale for earthquake hazard, US building types, with 5 damage states.
Vision_2000	Vision 2000 (SEAOC 1995)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC and Masonry construction, with 5 damage states.
FEMA_356	FEMA 356 (FEMA 2000)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC and Masonry construction, with 4 damage states.
Milutinovic_Trendafiloski_2003	Milutinovic and Trendafiloski (2003)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC and Masonry construction, with 6 damage states.
Blong_2003	Blong (2003)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC and Masonry construction, with 6 damage states.
HRC	HRC (Rossetto and Elnashai 2003)	Scale for earthquake hazard, RC construction, with 7 damage states.
Crowley_2004	Crowley et al (2004)	Scale for earthquake and landslide hazards, RC construction, with 4 damage states.
Lang_Bachmann_2004	Lang and Bachmann (2004)	Scale for earthquake and landslide hazards, masonry construction, with 6 damage states.
GNDT_2010	GNDT 2010	Scale for earthquake hazard, Italian building types, with 4 damage states.
JapanCO_2013	Japan Cabinet Office (2013)	Scale for tsunami hazard, RC masonry and timber construction, with 6 damage states.
EEFIT_2006	EEFIT (2006)	Scale for tsunami hazard, RC construction, with 5 damage states.
Fraser_2013	Fraser et al. (2013)	Scale for tsunami hazard, RC masonry and timber construction, with 5 damage states.

engineering_demand_parameter

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
PA_dmg_index	Park-Ang damage index	The Park-Ang damage index (Park et al., 1987) accounts for the effect of maximum deformation and cyclic loads.
peak_floor_acc	Peak floor acceleration	The maximum acceleration at any floor within a structure during an earthquake.
roof_drift	Roof drift ratio	The ratio of the peak lateral roof displacement to the building height.
max_interstorey_drift_ratio	Maximum inter-storey drift ratio	The maximum interstorey drift ratio across all floors.
interstorey_drift_ratio_i	Interstorey drift ratio for storey i	The peak (over time) interstorey drift ratio, and is calculated as the largest difference between the lateral displacements of two adjacent floors, divided by the height of the storey.
demand_capacity_ratio	Demand to capacity ratio	The ratio between the external actions applied to the structure (demand) over the ability of the structure to carry the imposed actions (capacity). A D/C ratio >1 indicates failure.

impact_metric

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
death	Deaths	People who died during or directly after the event as a direct result. Mutually exclusive with missing_persons.
missing_persons	Missing persons	People whose whereabouts are unknown since the event, including those presumed dead with no physical evidence and an official report filed. Mutually exclusive with death.
ppl_injured	Injured or ill	People with new or exacerbated physical or psychological harm, trauma, or illness as a direct result.
displaced	Displaced	People displaced due to physical damage and disruption.
ppl_affected	Directly affected	The estimated number of people directly affected by a disaster. What constitutes ‘affected’ should be defined by the risk project, and described in metadata.
ppl_dwellings_damaged	Dwellings damaged	People residing in dwellings with non-structural damage; may remain habitable with repair.
ppl_dwellings_destroyed	Dwellings destroyed	People residing in dwellings levelled, collapsed, washed away, or otherwise uninhabitable and requiring full reconstruction.
livelihoods	Livelihoods disrupted or destroyed	People whose livelihoods were disrupted or destroyed. Component of ppl_affected. Definition of ‘livelihoods disrupted’ must be specified in project metadata.
bldg_damaged	Buildings damaged	Number, value or proportion of buildings damaged.
bldg_destroyed	Buildings destroyed	Number, value or proportion of buildings destroyed.
infra_damaged	Infrastructure damaged	Number, value or proportion of infrastructure damaged.
infra_destroyed	Infrastructure destroyed	Number, value or proportion of infrastructure destroyed.
damage	Direct damage to assets	Estimated repair cost as currency or ratio. Single value or mean of a distribution.
damage_index	Damage index	Index or classification of damage level; may be numeric or non-numeric.
exceedance_probability	Exceedance probability	Probability of reaching or exceeding a damage limit state in a fragility function.
loss	Loss	Monetary value of economic impact: damage (replacement value of destroyed assets) plus losses (economic flows foregone due to asset absence). impact_type denotes total, direct, or indirect. loss_type denotes gross, ground-up, insured, etc.
downtime	Downtime	Duration of business or service interruption. Used in vulnerability modelling and observed loss estimation.
disruption	Disruption	Extent of disruption to businesses or services.
exposure	Exposure to hazard	People, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, or other tangible assets located in hazard-prone areas.
risk_index	Risk Index	A specified index or classification of risk levels, which may be numeric or non-numeric.

imt

The IMT codelist defines intensity measures and the hazard types to which each intensity measure applies.

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit	Hazard
PGA:g	Peak ground acceleration in g	The largest increase in velocity recorded at a particular location during an earthquake. Expressed in g-force.	PGA	g	earthquake
PGA:gal	Peak ground acceleration in gal	Peak ground acceleration expressed in gal (1 gal = 0.01 m/s²).	PGA	gal	earthquake
PGA:m/s2	Peak ground acceleration in m/s²	Peak ground acceleration expressed in meters per second squared.	PGA	m/s2	earthquake
PGV:m/s	Peak ground velocity in m/s	The greatest speed of ground shaking during an earthquake.	PGV	m/s	earthquake
PGV:cm/s	Peak ground velocity in cm/s	Peak ground velocity expressed in centimeters per second.	PGV	cm/s	earthquake
AvgSa:m/s2	Average spectral acceleration	Mean spectral acceleration at periods crucial for risk assessment.	AvgSa	m/s2	earthquake
Sa_1:m/s2	Spectral acceleration (1 sec)	Spectral acceleration at 1-second period.	Sa_1	m/s2	earthquake
Sa_03:m/s2	Spectral acceleration (0.3 sec)	Spectral acceleration at 0.3-second period.	Sa_03	m/s2	earthquake
Sd(T1):m	Spectral displacement	Maximum displacement of structure at fundamental period.	Sd(T1)	m	earthquake
Sv(T1):m/s	Spectral velocity	Maximum velocity of structure at fundamental period.	Sv(T1)	m/s	earthquake
PGDf:m	Permanent ground deformation	Displacement of ground surface due to fault movement.	PGDf	m	earthquake
D:s	Significant duration	Time interval of strong ground shaking.	D	s	earthquake
D_B:s	Bracketed duration	Time between first and last threshold exceedances.	D_B	s	earthquake
IA:m/s	Arias intensity	Measure of ground motion strength.	IA	m/s	earthquake
Neq:-	Effective number of cycles	Relationship between cycle count and damage potential.	Neq		earthquake
CAV:m/s	Cumulative absolute velocity	Integrated absolute acceleration over earthquake duration.	CAV	m/s	earthquake
MMI:-	Modified Mercalli Intensity	Seismic intensity scale from I (Not felt) to X (Extreme).	MMI		earthquake
EMS:-	European Macroseismic Scale	Seismic intensity scale from I (Not felt) to XII (Completely devastating).	EMS		earthquake
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic
wd_f:m	Flow depth above floor (m)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd_f	m	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood
wd_f:cm	Flow depth above floor (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd_f	cm	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood
wd_f:dm	Flow depth above floor (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd_f	dm	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic
slr:cm	Sea level rise	Long-term rise in sea level affecting coastal hazards.	slr	cm	sea_level_rise
pptn1:mm	1-hour precipitation	Maximum rainfall depth in any 1-hour period.	pptn1	mm	flood
pptn24:mm	24-hour precipitation	Maximum rainfall depth in any 24-hour period.	pptn24	mm	flood
pptn_tot:mm	Total event precipitation	Total cumulative precipitation for entire event.	pptn_tot	mm	flood
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic,convective_storm,wildfire
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2	flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,landslide,volcanic,convective_storm,wildfire
Rh_tsi:m	Tsunami wave runup height	Maximum elevation reached by tsunami waves on land.	Rh_tsi	m	tsunami
h_tsi:m	Tsunami inundation height	Height of tsunami water above ground level.	h_tsi	m	tsunami
Fh_tsi:m	Tsunami horizontal force	Lateral force exerted by tsunami.	Fh_tsi	m	tsunami
F_drag:kN	Hydrodynamic drag force	Drag force exerted by flowing water on structures.	F_drag	kN	tsunami
F_QS:kN	Quasi-static buoyant force	Buoyant force during low-velocity inundation.	F_QS	kN	tsunami
MF:m3/s2	Momentum flux	Product of flow depth and velocity squared.	MF	m3/s2	tsunami
MMF:m4/s2	Modified momentum flux	Product of momentum flux and inundation depth.	MMF	m4/s2	tsunami
Fr:-	Froude number	Flow velocity non-dimensionalized by gravity-wave velocity.	Fr		tsunami
sws_3s:km/h	3-sec sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 3-second time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_3s	km/h	strong_wind,convective_storm
sws_1m:km/h	1-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 1-minute time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_1m	km/h	strong_wind,convective_storm
sws_10m:km/h	10-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_10m	km/h	strong_wind,convective_storm
sws_10m:m/s	10-min sustained wind speed (m/s)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	sws_10m	m/s	strong_wind,convective_storm
PGWS:km/h	Peak gust wind speed (km/h)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	PGWS	km/h	strong_wind,convective_storm
MSLP:mbar	Minimum sea level pressure (mbar)	Atmospheric pressure in millibars (tropical cyclone intensity).	MSLP	mbar	strong_wind
MSLP:hPa	Minimum sea level pressure (hPa)	Atmospheric pressure in hectopascals.	MSLP	hPa	strong_wind
EF:-	Enhanced Fujita Scale	Tornado intensity from EF0 to EF5 based on damage.	EF		convective_storm
TPL:m	Tornado path length	Distance traveled by tornado along its path.	TPL	m	convective_storm
TPW:m	Tornado path width	Maximum width of tornado damage path.	TPW	m	convective_storm
TD:	Tornado Duration	Time the tornado is on the ground, influencing cumulative damage.	TD		convective_storm
PGWS:mph	Peak gust wind speed (mph)	Direct wind speed estimate used in engineering and insurance modeling.	PGWS	mph	strong_wind,convective_storm
PGWS:m/s	Peak gust wind speed (m/s)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	PGWS	m/s	strong_wind,convective_storm
HSI:-	Hail Severity Index	Composite hail index for insurance and risk modeling.	HSI		convective_storm
HlMaxSz:mm	Maximum hail size	Largest hailstone diameter observed.	HlMaxSz	mm	convective_storm
HlD:mm	Hailstone diameter	Most common hail metric for severity assessment.	HlD	mm	convective_storm
HlProb:%	Severe hail probability	Likelihood of hail exceeding certain size threshold.	HlProb		convective_storm
HlKE:J/m2	Hail kinetic energy	Energy per unit area for crop and roof damage assessment.	HlKE	J/m2	convective_storm
ImpactE:J	Impact energy (J)	Energy released upon impact (ballistics, hail).	ImpactE	J	convective_storm,volcanic
EvArea:events/km²	Event Density - Count per Unit Area	Number of events in a unit area, e.g. count of landslide, rockfall, volcanic ballistics/projectiles, tornadoes in a km2.	EvArea	events/km²	convective_storm,landslide,volcanic
SPI:-	Standard Precipitation Index	Meteorological drought index across multiple timescales.	SPI		drought
SPEI:-	Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index	Drought index incorporating temperature effects.	SPEI		drought
PDSI:-	Palmer Drought Severity Index	Long-term drought index spanning -10 (dry) to +10 (wet).	PDSI		drought
CMI:-	Crop Moisture Index	Short-term agricultural drought or moisture surplus indicator.	CMI		drought
NDVI:-	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	Satellite-derived measure of vegetation health and biomass.	NDVI		drought
VCI:-	Vegetation Condition Index	Current vegetation health vs. historical trends.	VCI		drought
VHI:-	Vegetation Health Index	Composite index combining VCI and temperature effects.	VHI		drought
ASI:%	Agricultural Stress Index	Indicator for early identification of water-stressed cropland.	ASI		drought
WMVHI:-	Weighted Mean Vegetation Health Index	Drought severity assessment from growing season start.	WMVHI		drought
DI:-	Drought Intensity	Classification: Extreme, Severe, Moderate, or Mild.	DI		drought
DMC:-	U.S. Drought Monitor Categories	Scale from D0 (Abnormally Dry) to D4 (Exceptional Drought).	DMC		drought
PNP:%	Percent of Normal Precipitation	Current precipitation compared to historical average.	PNP		drought
SMA:-	Soil Moisture Anomaly	Deviation from normal soil moisture levels.	SMA		drought
SA:%	Streamflow Percentile	Current streamflow compared to historical records.	SA		drought
DSCI:-	Drought Severity and Coverage Index	Continuous severity index on scale 0-500.	DSCI		drought
EDDI:-	Evaporative Demand Drought Index	Quantifies atmospheric water demand from land surface.	EDDI		drought
AirTemp:C	Air temperature (°C)	Ambient air temperature in Celsius.	AirTemp	C	extreme_temperature
AirTemp:F	Air temperature (°F)	Ambient air temperature in Fahrenheit.	AirTemp	F	extreme_temperature
WBGT:C	Wet Bulb Globe Temperature	Heat stress index incorporating temperature, humidity, wind, and solar radiation.	WBGT	C	extreme_temperature
WBT:C	Wet Bulb Temperature	Temperature at which sweat no longer evaporates efficiently.	WBT	C	extreme_temperature
HI:-	Heat Index	Apparent temperature combining air temperature and humidity.	HI		extreme_temperature
EHF:-	Excess Heat Factor	Heatwave severity based on temperature anomalies.	EHF		extreme_temperature
CDD:-	Cooling Degree Days	Measures energy demand for cooling buildings.	CDD		extreme_temperature
AT:-	Apparent Temperature	Perceived temperature based on humidity and wind (similar to heat index).	AT		extreme_temperature
HD:-	Number of Hot Days	Days exceeding a threshold (e.g. >35°C).	HD		extreme_temperature
ls_fd:m	Landslide flow depth	Depth of landslide flow in meters.	ls_fd	m	landslide
ls_mfd:m	Maximum foundation displacement	Maximum foundation displacement due to landslide.	ls_mfd	m	landslide
SD_lsl:m	Landslide displacement	Displacement associated with slow-moving landslides.	SD_lsl	m	landslide
I_DF:m3/s2	Debris-flow intensity index	Landslide intensity index (Jakob et al. 2012).	I_DF	m3/s2	landslide
rf_KE:kJ	Rockfall kinetic energy	Kinetic energy of rockfall as function of mass and velocity.	rf_KE	kJ	landslide
IP:kPa	Impact Pressure	Force exerted by avalanche on objects	IP	kPa	landslide
LSI:-	Landslide Susceptibility Index	Probability based on terrain and environmental factors.	LSI		landslide
DP:-	Destructive Potential	Classification based on observed or expected damage.	DP		landslide
PE:% of slope area	Planimetric Extent	Proportion of a slope affected by landslides	PE		landslide
Rdist:m	Runout distance	Horizontal distance traveled downslope.	Rdist	m	landslide,volcanic
Vol:m3	Volume	Total volume of material involved.	Vol	m3	landslide
h_vaf:mm	Volcanic ash fall thickness	Accumulated depth of ash following eruption.	h_vaf	mm	volcanic
L_vaf:kg/m2	Volcanic ash loading	Load of accumulated ash per unit area.	L_vaf	kg/m2	volcanic
vei:-	Volcanic Explosivity Index	Logarithmic scale of eruption explosiveness.	vei		volcanic
ImpactE:kJ	Impact energy (kJ)	Impact energy in kilojoules.	ImpactE	kJ	volcanic
Vbal_size:m	Volcanic ballistic size	Diameter of volcanic projectiles.	Vbal_size	m	volcanic
Vbal_Lprob:%	Ballistic landing probability	Likelihood of ballistic landing in given area.	Vbal_Lprob		volcanic
Vbal_MaxRng:km	Maximum ballistic range	Maximum distance ballistics can reach from vent.	Vbal_MaxRng	km	volcanic
BA:ha	Burned Area (ha)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	BA	ha	wildfire
BA:km2	Burned Area (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	BA	km2	wildfire
FWI:-	Fire Weather Index	Meteorological fire danger index.	FWI		wildfire
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx		universal
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI		universal
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year	universal
fl_d:h	Flood duration (h)	The total length of time that flooding is present on a piece of land during a flood event expressed in hours (h)	fl_dur	hours	flood
Ltng:kJ	Lightning energy released	Represents the total energy discharged during lightning events, expressed in kilojoules. Useful for assessing storm severity and electrical intensity within convective systems.	LightningEnergy	kJ	convective_storm
Ltng:count/km/y	lightning event per km2 per year	Measures the annual density of lightning strikes per square kilometre, enabling comparison of lightning?prone regions and long?term storm activity trends.	LightningEvents	count/km/year	convective_storm
Ltng:count	lightning event count	A count of lightning strikes within a defined area or time period, commonly used for storm frequency analysis.	LightningEvents		convective_storm
Ltng:cape	CAPE - High Convective Available Potential Energy (kJ).	Indicates the amount of atmospheric energy available for convection. Higher CAPE values correlate with stronger updrafts and more intense convective storms.	CAPE	kJ	convective_storm
wf:-pm2.5	Particulate Matter	Represents concentrations of fine inhalable particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometres or smaller, often associated with wildfire smoke and hazardous air quality.	PM	PM 2.5	wildfire
gas:-kT	Volume of gases emitted	Quantifies volcanic gas emissions, typically measured in kilotonnes per day, indicating the scale of volcanic degassing and potential atmospheric impacts.	Gas_Vol	kT/day	volcanic
Er:m/yr	Coastal distance of retreat	Measures the annual horizontal landward movement of coastlines, reflecting shoreline erosion rates and long?term coastal change.	Erosion	m/yr	erosion
Er:mm	Surface lowering	Captures the vertical reduction of land surface elevation in millimetres, useful for monitoring erosion, subsidence, or sediment removal processes.	Erosion	mm	erosion
Er:T/ha	Lost sediment mass	Represents the amount of sediment removed from a given area, enabling assessment of soil erosion severity and land degradation.	Erosion	tonnes/hectare	erosion
Pest:count/area	Density of pests per area	Expresses the number of pests per hectare, used in ecological assessments, agriculture monitoring, and pest outbreak prediction.	PestDensity	count/hectare	pest_infestation
DSI:-	Dust Storm Index	A composite index describing the severity, frequency, and impact of dust storm events, integrating multiple environmental and atmospheric factors.	DSI		dust_sand_storm
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE		earthquake,flood,tsunami,coastal_flood,strong_wind,volcanic,landslide,wildfire
SA:g	Spectral acceleration (g)	The maximum acceleration experienced by a damped single-degree-of-freedom oscillator at a given natural period in response to ground shaking. Expressed as a fraction of g (1 g = 9.81 m/s²).	SA	g	earthquake
Dsize:-	Avalanche Size Class (1-5)	Qualitative scale based on volume, path, and damage potential	index		landslide

See also

For validation purposes, separate codelists for each hazard type are also provided below:

imt_coastal_flood

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm
wd_f:m	Flow depth above floor (m)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd_f	m
wd_f:cm	Flow depth above floor (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd_f	cm
wd_f:dm	Flow depth above floor (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd_f	dm
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_convective_storm

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
sws_3s:km/h	3-sec sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 3-second time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_3s	km/h
sws_1m:km/h	1-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 1-minute time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_1m	km/h
sws_10m:km/h	10-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_10m	km/h
sws_10m:m/s	10-min sustained wind speed (m/s)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	sws_10m	m/s
PGWS:km/h	Peak gust wind speed (km/h)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	PGWS	km/h
EF:-	Enhanced Fujita Scale	Tornado intensity from EF0 to EF5 based on damage.	EF
TPL:m	Tornado path length	Distance traveled by tornado along its path.	TPL	m
TPW:m	Tornado path width	Maximum width of tornado damage path.	TPW	m
TD:	Tornado Duration	Time the tornado is on the ground, influencing cumulative damage.	TD
PGWS:mph	Peak gust wind speed (mph)	Direct wind speed estimate used in engineering and insurance modeling.	PGWS	mph
PGWS:m/s	Peak gust wind speed (m/s)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	PGWS	m/s
HSI:-	Hail Severity Index	Composite hail index for insurance and risk modeling.	HSI
HlMaxSz:mm	Maximum hail size	Largest hailstone diameter observed.	HlMaxSz	mm
HlD:mm	Hailstone diameter	Most common hail metric for severity assessment.	HlD	mm
HlProb:%	Severe hail probability	Likelihood of hail exceeding certain size threshold.	HlProb
HlKE:J/m2	Hail kinetic energy	Energy per unit area for crop and roof damage assessment.	HlKE	J/m2
ImpactE:J	Impact energy (J)	Energy released upon impact (ballistics, hail).	ImpactE	J
EvArea:events/km²	Event Density - Count per Unit Area	Number of events in a unit area, e.g. count of landslide, rockfall, volcanic ballistics/projectiles, tornadoes in a km2.	EvArea	events/km²
Ltng:kJ	Lightning energy released	Represents the total energy discharged during lightning events, expressed in kilojoules. Useful for assessing storm severity and electrical intensity within convective systems.	LightningEnergy	kJ
Ltng:count/km/y	lightning event per km2 per year	Measures the annual density of lightning strikes per square kilometre, enabling comparison of lightning?prone regions and long?term storm activity trends.	LightningEvents	count/km/year
Ltng:count	lightning event count	A count of lightning strikes within a defined area or time period, commonly used for storm frequency analysis.	LightningEvents
Ltng:cape	CAPE - High Convective Available Potential Energy (kJ).	Indicates the amount of atmospheric energy available for convection. Higher CAPE values correlate with stronger updrafts and more intense convective storms.	CAPE	kJ
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_drought

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
SPI:-	Standard Precipitation Index	Meteorological drought index across multiple timescales.	SPI
SPEI:-	Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index	Drought index incorporating temperature effects.	SPEI
PDSI:-	Palmer Drought Severity Index	Long-term drought index spanning -10 (dry) to +10 (wet).	PDSI
CMI:-	Crop Moisture Index	Short-term agricultural drought or moisture surplus indicator.	CMI
NDVI:-	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index	Satellite-derived measure of vegetation health and biomass.	NDVI
VCI:-	Vegetation Condition Index	Current vegetation health vs. historical trends.	VCI
VHI:-	Vegetation Health Index	Composite index combining VCI and temperature effects.	VHI
ASI:%	Agricultural Stress Index	Indicator for early identification of water-stressed cropland.	ASI
WMVHI:-	Weighted Mean Vegetation Health Index	Drought severity assessment from growing season start.	WMVHI
DI:-	Drought Intensity	Classification: Extreme, Severe, Moderate, or Mild.	DI
DMC:-	U.S. Drought Monitor Categories	Scale from D0 (Abnormally Dry) to D4 (Exceptional Drought).	DMC
PNP:%	Percent of Normal Precipitation	Current precipitation compared to historical average.	PNP
SMA:-	Soil Moisture Anomaly	Deviation from normal soil moisture levels.	SMA
SA:%	Streamflow Percentile	Current streamflow compared to historical records.	SA
DSCI:-	Drought Severity and Coverage Index	Continuous severity index on scale 0-500.	DSCI
EDDI:-	Evaporative Demand Drought Index	Quantifies atmospheric water demand from land surface.	EDDI
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_earthquake

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
PGA:g	Peak ground acceleration in g	The largest increase in velocity recorded at a particular location during an earthquake. Expressed in g-force.	PGA	g
PGA:gal	Peak ground acceleration in gal	Peak ground acceleration expressed in gal (1 gal = 0.01 m/s²).	PGA	gal
PGA:m/s2	Peak ground acceleration in m/s²	Peak ground acceleration expressed in meters per second squared.	PGA	m/s2
PGV:m/s	Peak ground velocity in m/s	The greatest speed of ground shaking during an earthquake.	PGV	m/s
PGV:cm/s	Peak ground velocity in cm/s	Peak ground velocity expressed in centimeters per second.	PGV	cm/s
AvgSa:m/s2	Average spectral acceleration	Mean spectral acceleration at periods crucial for risk assessment.	AvgSa	m/s2
Sa_1:m/s2	Spectral acceleration (1 sec)	Spectral acceleration at 1-second period.	Sa_1	m/s2
Sa_03:m/s2	Spectral acceleration (0.3 sec)	Spectral acceleration at 0.3-second period.	Sa_03	m/s2
Sd(T1):m	Spectral displacement	Maximum displacement of structure at fundamental period.	Sd(T1)	m
Sv(T1):m/s	Spectral velocity	Maximum velocity of structure at fundamental period.	Sv(T1)	m/s
PGDf:m	Permanent ground deformation	Displacement of ground surface due to fault movement.	PGDf	m
D:s	Significant duration	Time interval of strong ground shaking.	D	s
D_B:s	Bracketed duration	Time between first and last threshold exceedances.	D_B	s
IA:m/s	Arias intensity	Measure of ground motion strength.	IA	m/s
Neq:-	Effective number of cycles	Relationship between cycle count and damage potential.	Neq
CAV:m/s	Cumulative absolute velocity	Integrated absolute acceleration over earthquake duration.	CAV	m/s
MMI:-	Modified Mercalli Intensity	Seismic intensity scale from I (Not felt) to X (Extreme).	MMI
EMS:-	European Macroseismic Scale	Seismic intensity scale from I (Not felt) to XII (Completely devastating).	EMS
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
SA:g	Spectral acceleration (g)	The maximum acceleration experienced by a damped single-degree-of-freedom oscillator at a given natural period in response to ground shaking. Expressed as a fraction of g (1 g = 9.81 m/s²).	SA	g
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_extreme_temperature

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
AirTemp:C	Air temperature (°C)	Ambient air temperature in Celsius.	AirTemp	C
AirTemp:F	Air temperature (°F)	Ambient air temperature in Fahrenheit.	AirTemp	F
WBGT:C	Wet Bulb Globe Temperature	Heat stress index incorporating temperature, humidity, wind, and solar radiation.	WBGT	C
WBT:C	Wet Bulb Temperature	Temperature at which sweat no longer evaporates efficiently.	WBT	C
HI:-	Heat Index	Apparent temperature combining air temperature and humidity.	HI
EHF:-	Excess Heat Factor	Heatwave severity based on temperature anomalies.	EHF
CDD:-	Cooling Degree Days	Measures energy demand for cooling buildings.	CDD
AT:-	Apparent Temperature	Perceived temperature based on humidity and wind (similar to heat index).	AT
HD:-	Number of Hot Days	Days exceeding a threshold (e.g. >35°C).	HD
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_flood

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm
wd_f:m	Flow depth above floor (m)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd_f	m
wd_f:cm	Flow depth above floor (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd_f	cm
wd_f:dm	Flow depth above floor (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd_f	dm
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s
pptn1:mm	1-hour precipitation	Maximum rainfall depth in any 1-hour period.	pptn1	mm
pptn24:mm	24-hour precipitation	Maximum rainfall depth in any 24-hour period.	pptn24	mm
pptn_tot:mm	Total event precipitation	Total cumulative precipitation for entire event.	pptn_tot	mm
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
fl_d:h	Flood duration (h)	The total length of time that flooding is present on a piece of land during a flood event expressed in hours (h)	fl_dur	hours
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_landslide

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
EvArea:events/km²	Event Density - Count per Unit Area	Number of events in a unit area, e.g. count of landslide, rockfall, volcanic ballistics/projectiles, tornadoes in a km2.	EvArea	events/km²
ls_fd:m	Landslide flow depth	Depth of landslide flow in meters.	ls_fd	m
ls_mfd:m	Maximum foundation displacement	Maximum foundation displacement due to landslide.	ls_mfd	m
SD_lsl:m	Landslide displacement	Displacement associated with slow-moving landslides.	SD_lsl	m
I_DF:m3/s2	Debris-flow intensity index	Landslide intensity index (Jakob et al. 2012).	I_DF	m3/s2
rf_KE:kJ	Rockfall kinetic energy	Kinetic energy of rockfall as function of mass and velocity.	rf_KE	kJ
IP:kPa	Impact Pressure	Force exerted by avalanche on objects	IP	kPa
LSI:-	Landslide Susceptibility Index	Probability based on terrain and environmental factors.	LSI
DP:-	Destructive Potential	Classification based on observed or expected damage.	DP
PE:% of slope area	Planimetric Extent	Proportion of a slope affected by landslides	PE
Rdist:m	Runout distance	Horizontal distance traveled downslope.	Rdist	m
Vol:m3	Volume	Total volume of material involved.	Vol	m3
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
Dsize:-	Avalanche Size Class (1-5)	Qualitative scale based on volume, path, and damage potential	index
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_strong_wind

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
sws_3s:km/h	3-sec sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 3-second time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_3s	km/h
sws_1m:km/h	1-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average speed of the wind over a 1-minute time period, measured at a height of 10 meters (about 33 feet) above the ground or sea surface. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_1m	km/h
sws_10m:km/h	10-min sustained wind speed (kph)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	sws_10m	km/h
sws_10m:m/s	10-min sustained wind speed (m/s)	The average wind speed over a period of 10 minutes. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	sws_10m	m/s
PGWS:km/h	Peak gust wind speed (km/h)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in kilometers per hour (kph).	PGWS	km/h
MSLP:mbar	Minimum sea level pressure (mbar)	Atmospheric pressure in millibars (tropical cyclone intensity).	MSLP	mbar
MSLP:hPa	Minimum sea level pressure (hPa)	Atmospheric pressure in hectopascals.	MSLP	hPa
PGWS:mph	Peak gust wind speed (mph)	Direct wind speed estimate used in engineering and insurance modeling.	PGWS	mph
PGWS:m/s	Peak gust wind speed (m/s)	The peak gust wind speed in the open terrain. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	PGWS	m/s
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_tsunami

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm
wd_f:m	Flow depth above floor (m)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd_f	m
wd_f:cm	Flow depth above floor (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd_f	cm
wd_f:dm	Flow depth above floor (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to building floor level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd_f	dm
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
Rh_tsi:m	Tsunami wave runup height	Maximum elevation reached by tsunami waves on land.	Rh_tsi	m
h_tsi:m	Tsunami inundation height	Height of tsunami water above ground level.	h_tsi	m
Fh_tsi:m	Tsunami horizontal force	Lateral force exerted by tsunami.	Fh_tsi	m
F_drag:kN	Hydrodynamic drag force	Drag force exerted by flowing water on structures.	F_drag	kN
F_QS:kN	Quasi-static buoyant force	Buoyant force during low-velocity inundation.	F_QS	kN
MF:m3/s2	Momentum flux	Product of flow depth and velocity squared.	MF	m3/s2
MMF:m4/s2	Modified momentum flux	Product of momentum flux and inundation depth.	MMF	m4/s2
Fr:-	Froude number	Flow velocity non-dimensionalized by gravity-wave velocity.	Fr
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_volcanic

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
wd:m	Flow depth above ground (m)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in meters (m).	wd	m
wd:cm	Flow depth above ground (cm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in centimeters (cm).	wd	cm
wd:dm	Flow depth above ground (dm)	Flow depth measured relative to ground level. Expressed in decimeters (dm).	wd	dm
wv:m/s	Flow velocity (m/s)	The rate at which a fluid flows in a flood, tsunami, landslide, lahar, debris flow or other. Expressed in meters per second (m/s).	wv	m/s
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
ImpactE:J	Impact energy (J)	Energy released upon impact (ballistics, hail).	ImpactE	J
EvArea:events/km²	Event Density - Count per Unit Area	Number of events in a unit area, e.g. count of landslide, rockfall, volcanic ballistics/projectiles, tornadoes in a km2.	EvArea	events/km²
Rdist:m	Runout distance	Horizontal distance traveled downslope.	Rdist	m
h_vaf:mm	Volcanic ash fall thickness	Accumulated depth of ash following eruption.	h_vaf	mm
L_vaf:kg/m2	Volcanic ash loading	Load of accumulated ash per unit area.	L_vaf	kg/m2
vei:-	Volcanic Explosivity Index	Logarithmic scale of eruption explosiveness.	vei
ImpactE:kJ	Impact energy (kJ)	Impact energy in kilojoules.	ImpactE	kJ
Vbal_size:m	Volcanic ballistic size	Diameter of volcanic projectiles.	Vbal_size	m
Vbal_Lprob:%	Ballistic landing probability	Likelihood of ballistic landing in given area.	Vbal_Lprob
Vbal_MaxRng:km	Maximum ballistic range	Maximum distance ballistics can reach from vent.	Vbal_MaxRng	km
gas:-kT	Volume of gases emitted	Quantifies volcanic gas emissions, typically measured in kilotonnes per day, indicating the scale of volcanic degassing and potential atmospheric impacts.	Gas_Vol	kT/day
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

imt_wildfire

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Metric	Unit
AA:m2	Area Affected (m²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square meters.	AA	m2
AA:km2	Area Affected (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	AA	km2
BA:ha	Burned Area (ha)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	BA	ha
BA:km2	Burned Area (km²)	Surface area impacted by the hazard. Described in square kilometers.	BA	km2
FWI:-	Fire Weather Index	Meteorological fire danger index.	FWI
wf:-pm2.5	Particulate Matter	Represents concentrations of fine inhalable particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometres or smaller, often associated with wildfire smoke and hazardous air quality.	PM	PM 2.5
POE:-	Probability of exceedance	The probability of a hazard event being exceeded within a defined time span (e.g. 1 year or 50 years). Expressed as a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.	POE
riskidx:-	Risk score	Composite risk quantification.	riskidx
HzI:-	Hazard Index	Index describing the level or classification of a hazard or multiple hazards.	HzI
EvYr:events/year	Event Frequency - Count per Year	Number of events in a year	EvYr	events/year

license

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/	CC0 1.0	Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	CC BY 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/	CC BY-SA 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/	CC BY-NC 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/	CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/	CC BY-ND 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0	Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/	ODbL 1.0	Open Data Commons Open Database License v1.0
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/	ODC-By 1.0	Open Data Commons Attribution License v1.0
http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1.0/	ODC PDDL 1.0	Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License v1.0

location_gazetteers

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Category	Source	URI Pattern
ISO 3166-2	ISO Country Subdivision Codes	ISO codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.	Subnational	https://www.iso.org/standard/72483.html
NUTS	EU Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics	The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) was established by Eurostat in order to provide a single uniform breakdown of territorial units for the production of regional statistics for the European Union.	Subnational	https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts	https://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/nuts/code/{identifier}
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2	ISO-a2 Country Codes	ISO 2-Digit Country Codes	National	https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3	ISO-a3 Country Codes	ISO 3-Digit Country Codes	National	https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html
GEONAMES	GeoNames	GeoNames provides numerical identifiers for many points of interest around the world, including administrative divisions, populated centres and other locations, embedded within a structured tree of geographic relations.	Universal	https://www.geonames.org/	https://www.geonames.org/
OSMN	OpenStreetMap Node	OpenStreetMap Nodes consist of a single point in space defined by a latitude, longitude and node ID. Nodes might have tags to indicate the particular geographic feature they represent.	Universal		https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/
OSMR	OpenStreetMap Relation	Relations are used to model logical (and usually local) or geographic relationships between objects. In practice, boundaries of geographic areas are available as Relations in OpenStreetMap.	Universal	https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Relation	https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/

media_type

Codes

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Code	Title
text/html	HTML (html)
text/plain	Text (txt)
image/tiff;application=geotiff	GeoTIFF (tif)
image/tiff;application=geotiff;profile=cloud-optimized	Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (cog)
application/netcdf	NetCDF (nc)
application/x-hdf5	HDF5 (hdf5)
application/vnd.zarr	Zarr (zarr)
application/geopackage+sqlite3	GeoPackage (gpkg)
application/geo+json	GeoJSON (geojson)
application/vnd.flatgeobuf	FlatGeobuf (fgb)
application/vnd.shp	Shapefile (shp)
application/x-filegdb	File Geodatabase (gdb)
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml	KML (kml)
application/vnd.apache.parquet	Parquet (parquet)
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Excel (xlsx)
application/json	JSON (json)
application/xml	XML (xml)
application/pdf	PDF (pdf)
application/vnd.las	LAS (las)
application/vnd.laszip+copc	COPC (copc)
application/x-hdf	HDF (hdf)
application/3dtiles+json	3D Tiles
application/vnd.pmtiles	PMTiles

quantity_kind

See also

units

The quantity kind codelist is a subset of the codes in the QUDT Quantity Kind Vocabulary. It includes a code for the currency quantity kind, which does not appear in the vocabulary because QUDT lists currencies in a separate graph from other quantity kinds.

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
area	Area	Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.	https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area
length	Length	In geometric measurements, length most commonly refers to the longest dimension of an object. In some contexts, the term “length” is reserved for a certain dimension of an object along which the length is measured.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length
count	Count	“Count” is the value of a count of items.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Count
currency	Currency	In economics, currency is a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation’s money supply. The other part of a nation’s money supply consists of bank deposits (sometimes called deposit money), ownership of which can be transferred by means of cheques, debit cards, or other forms of money transfer. Deposit money and currency are money in the sense that both are acceptable as a means of payment.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Currency
time	Time	Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time
volume	Volume	The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume
mass	Mass	In physics, mass, more specifically inertial mass, can be defined as a quantitative measure of an object’s resistance to acceleration. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass
mass_per_area	Mass per Area	The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, or superficial density) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is: kilogram per square metre.	https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerArea
dimensionless_ratio	Ratio (dimensionless or percent)	A dimensionless ratio of two quantities of the same kind, e.g. a percentage.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio
index	Index	A dimensionless index such as a hazard, vulnerability, or risk index or score that has been used to classify levels of hazard, vulnerability, or risk.	Not applicable
energy	Energy	Energy is the quantity characterizing the ability of a system to do work.	http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy

roles

The roles codelist is based on the ISO19115 CI_RoleCode codelist with the addition of ‘world_bank_team_lead’ and the omission of codes covered by the creator, contact_point and publisher fields.

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description
world_bank_team_lead	World Bank team lead	The lead of the World Bank project that created and/or used the dataset. Also known as the Task Team Leader (TTL).
resource_provider	Resource provider	An entity that supplies the resource.
custodian	Custodian	An entity that accepts accountability and responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance of the resource.
owner	Owner	An entity that owns the resource.
user	User	An entity who uses the resource.
distributor	Distributor	An entity who distributes the resource.
principal_investigator	Principal investigator	A key entity responsible for gathering information and conducting research.
processor	Processor	An entity who has processed the data in a manner such that the resource has been modified.
author	Author	An entity who authored the resource.
sponsor	Sponsor	An entity who speaks for the resource.
co_author	Co-author	An entity who jointly authors the resource.
collaborator	Collaborator	An entity who assists with the generation of the resource other than the principal investigator.
editor	Editor	An entity who reviewed or modified the resource to improve the content.
mediator	Mediator	A class of entity that mediates access to the resource and for whom the resource is intended or useful.
rights_holder	Rights holder	An entity owning or managing rights over the resource.
contributor	Contributor	An entity contributing to the resource.
funder	Funder	An entity providing monetary support for the resource.
stakeholder	Stakeholder	An entity who has an interest in the resource or the use of the resource.

units

For validation purposes, a separate unit codelist for each quantity kind is provided:

Each codelist is a subset of the codes in the QUDT Unit Vocabulary.

See also

unit_currency (closed codelist)

unit_area

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
acre	Acre	The acre is a unit of area in a number of different systems, including the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Its international symbol is ac. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the United States, the survey acre. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land. One international acre is equal to 4046.8564224 square metres.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AC
hectare	Hectare	The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA
square_kilometre	Square Kilometre	1,000,000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM2
square_metre	Square Metre	The S I unit of area is the square metre.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2
square_mile	Square Mile	The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi) is an imperial and US unit of measure for an area equal to the area of a square of one statute mile. It should not be confused with miles square, which refers to the number of miles on each side squared. For instance, 20 miles square (20 × 20 miles) is equal to 400 square miles. One square mile is equivalent to: 4,014,489,600 square inches 27,878,400 square feet, 3,097,600 square yards, 640 acres, 258.9988110336 hectares, 2560 roods, 25,899,881,103.36 square centimetres, 2,589,988.110336 square metres, 2.589988110336 square kilometres When applied to a portion of the earth’s surface, which is curved rather than flat, ‘square mile’ is an informal synonym for section.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MI2

unit_count

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
count	Count	“Count” is a unit for a dimensionless count.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/COUNT

unit_dimensionless_ratio

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
percent	Percent	“Percent” is a unit for ‘Dimensionless Ratio’ expressed as %.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERCENT

unit_length

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
centimetre	Centimetre	A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10^-2. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM
foot	Foot	A foot is a unit of length defined as being 0.3048 m exactly and used in the imperial system of units and United States customary units. It is subdivided into 12 inches. The foot is still officially used in Canada and still commonly used in the United Kingdom, although the latter has partially metricated its units of measurement.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FT
hectormetre	Hectometre	100-fold of the SI base unit metre	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HectoM
kilometre	Kilometre	A common metric unit of length or distance. One kilometer equals exactly 1000 meters, about 0.621 371 19 mile, 1093.6133 yards, or 3280.8399 feet. Oddly, higher multiples of the meter are rarely used; even the distances to the farthest galaxies are usually measured in kilometers.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM
metre	Metre	The metric and SI base unit of distance. The 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1983 defined the meter as that distance that makes the speed of light in a vacuum equal to exactly 299 792 458 meters per second. The speed of light in a vacuum, , is one of the fundamental constants of nature. The meter is equal to approximately 1.093 613 3 yards, 3.280 840 feet, or 39.370 079 inches.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M
mile	Mile	The exact length of the land mile varied slightly among English-speaking countries until the international yard and pound agreement in 1959 established the yard as exactly 0.9144 metres, giving a mile of exactly 1,609.344 metres. The United States adopted this international mile for most purposes, but retained the pre-1959 mile for some land-survey data, terming it the US survey mile. In the US, statute mile formally refers to the survey mile, about 3.219 mm (1/8 inch) longer than the international mile (the international mile is exactly 0.0002% less than the US survey mile).	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MI
yard	Yard	A yard is a unit of length in several different systems including United States customary units, Imperial units and the former English units. It is equal to 3 feet or 36 inches. Under an agreement in 1959 between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States, the yard (known as the “international yard” in the United States) was legally defined to be exactly 0.9144 metres.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/YD

unit_mass

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
kilogram	Kilogram	The kilogram or kilogramme (SI symbol: kg), also known as the kilo, is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK), which is almost exactly equal to the mass of one liter of water. The avoirdupois (or international) pound, used in both the Imperial system and U.S. customary units, is defined as exactly 0.45359237 kg, making one kilogram approximately equal to 2.2046 avoirdupois pounds.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM
metric_ton	Metric Ton	The tonne (SI unit symbol: t) is a metric system unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms (2,204.6 pounds). It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. To avoid confusion with the ton, it is also known as the metric tonne and metric ton in the United States[3] and occasionally in the United Kingdom. In SI units and prefixes, the tonne is a megagram (Mg), a rarely-used symbol, easily confused with mg, for milligram.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_Metric
ton	Ton (US)	A ton is a unit of mass in the US customary system, where 1 ton is equal to 2000 pounds of mass.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_US

unit_mass_per_area

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
kilogram_per_hectare	Kilogram per Hectare	Kilogram Per Hectare is a unit of mass per area. Kilogram Per Hectare (kg/ha) has a dimension of ML-2 where $M$ is mass, and $L$ is length. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2 by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0001.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-HA
kilogram_per_square_metre	Kilogram per Square Metre	Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) is a unit in the category of Surface density. It is also known as kilograms per square meter, kilogram per square metre, kilograms per square metre, kilogram/square meter, kilogram/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) has a dimension of ML-2 where $M$ is mass, and $L$ is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM-PER-M2

unit_time

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
day	Day	Mean solar day	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY
hour	Hour	The hour (common symbol: h or h) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR
minute	Minute	A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5’ (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time).	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN
month	Month	A unit of time corresponding approximately to one cycle of the moon’s phases, or about 30 days or 4 weeks. Also known as the ‘Synodic Month’ and calculated as 29.53059 days.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MO
second	Second	The Second (symbol: s) is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) and is also a unit of time in other systems of measurement. Between the years1000 (when al-Biruni used seconds) and 1960 the second was defined as 1/86400 of a mean solar day (that definition still applies in some astronomical and legal contexts). Between 1960 and 1967, it was defined in terms of the period of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun in 1900, but it is now defined more precisely in atomic terms. Under the International System of Units (via the International Committee for Weights and Measures, or CIPM), since 1967 the second has been defined as the duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.In 1997 CIPM added that the periods would be defined for a caesium atom at rest, and approaching the theoretical temperature of absolute zero, and in 1999, it included corrections from ambient radiation.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC
week	Week	Mean solar week	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WK
year	Year	A year is any of the various periods equated with one passage of Earth about the Sun, and hence of roughly 365 days. The familiar calendar has a mixture of 365- and 366-day years, reflecting the fact that the time for one complete passage takes about 365¼ days; the precise value for this figure depends on the manner of defining the year.	http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/YR

unit_volume

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	QUDT URI
cubic_metre	Cubic Metre	The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3
litre	Litre	The (American spelling: liter ; SI symbol l or L ) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 1/1000 cubic metre. If the lower case “L” is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a cursive “l” to help distinguish it from the capital “I”, although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L
cubic_foot	Cubic Foot	The cubic foot is an Imperial and US customary unit of volume, used in the United States and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length. To calculate cubic feet multiply length X width X height.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FT3
us_gallon	US Gallon	US Gallon is a unit for ‘Liquid Volume’ expressed as galUS.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GAL_US
bushel	Bushel (US Dry)	Unit of the volume bushel (US dry) for dry measure according to the Anglo-American system of units.	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BU_US_DRY
barrel	Barrel	A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, U.S. beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about 100-200 litres (22-44 imp gal; 26-53 US gal).	https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BBL

Closed codelists

analysis_type

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description
probabilistic	Probabilistic	Simulation of a large number of synthetic events to estimate their likelihood and severity and estimate overall risk.
deterministic	Deterministic	Deterministic approaches analyse disaster scenarios (e.g., historical or worst-case events) to estimate their impact, but do not consider the full range of possible outcomes and do not quantify the likelihood of each impact.
empirical	Empirical	Analysis or data relying on observations, such as hazard intensity recorded during a post-event surveys.

climate_scenario

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Description	IPCC Report	URL
SSP1-1.9	Very Low Emissions (1.9 W/m2)	Limits warming to 1.5 degrees C. Requires net zero CO2 around 2050 followed by net negative emissions.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP1-2.6	Low Emissions (2.6 W/m2)	Limits warming to well below 2 degrees C. Strong mitigation with CO2 emissions reaching net zero after 2050.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP2-4.5	Intermediate Emissions (4.5 W/m2)	Intermediate emissions following broadly historical social and economic trends with moderate mitigation.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP3-7.0	High Emissions (7.0 W/m2)	High emissions assuming regional rivalry and no additional climate policies.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP4-3.4	Low to Intermediate Emissions (3.4 W/m2)	Low to intermediate emissions assuming high inequality between and within countries with moderate mitigation efforts.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP4-6.0	High Emissions (6.0 W/m2)	High emissions assuming high inequality between and within countries and limited mitigation.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP5-3.4	Low to Intermediate Emissions - Overshoot (3.4 W/m2)	Overshoot pathway following high emissions before rapid decline to 3.4 W/m2 by 2100. Paired with SSP4-3.4 but assumes fossil-fuel intensive development with late-century mitigation.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
SSP5-8.5	Very High Emissions (8.5 W/m2)	Very high emissions assuming fossil-fuel intensive development and no mitigation. Upper bound of the scenario range.	IPCC AR6	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
RCP2.6	Very Low Emissions (RCP2.6)	Very stringent mitigation pathway requiring net negative greenhouse gas emissions after 2070.	IPCC AR5	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
RCP4.5	Intermediate Emissions (RCP4.5)	Intermediate stabilisation pathway with moderate mitigation efforts.	IPCC AR5	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
RCP6.0	High Emissions (RCP6.0)	Stabilisation pathway in which emissions peak around 2080 then decline.	IPCC AR5	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
RCP8.5	Very High Emissions (RCP8.5)	High-end baseline with continuously rising emissions throughout the 21st century.	IPCC AR5	https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
CMIP7-H	High Emissions	Emissions grow as high as plausibly possible consistent with a rollback of current climate policies. Expected warming of around 3.5 degrees C by 2100 continuing to rise thereafter.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-HL	High-to-Low Emissions	Emissions initially follow the High scenario then are cut sharply in the second half of the century reaching net zero by 2100. Explores a late but rapid decarbonisation trajectory.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-M	Medium Emissions	Emissions consistent with current policies frozen as of 2025 leading to moderate warming above 3 degrees C by 2100. Serves as the primary baseline scenario for CMIP7.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-ML	Medium-to-Low Emissions	Emissions are slowly reduced eventually reaching net zero GHG emissions before 2100. Consistent with a gradual strengthening of current climate policies.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-L	Low Emissions	Emissions consistent with likely keeping warming below 2 degrees C without returning to 1.5 degrees C before the end of the century.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-LN	Low-to-Negative Emissions	Emissions fall slightly slower than the Very Low scenario with temperatures initially rising above 1.5 degrees C before rapidly declining to negative to bring warming back down.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/
CMIP7-VL	Very Low Emissions	Emissions cut to keep warming as low as plausibly achievable. Limits warming to approximately 1.5 degrees C by end of century with limited overshoot. Reaches net zero CO2 around 2055 then relies on net negative emissions.	IPCC AR7	https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/

country

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title
AFG	Afghanistan
ALB	Albania
DZA	Algeria
ASM	American Samoa
AND	Andorra
AGO	Angola
AIA	Anguilla
ATA	Antarctica
ATG	Antigua and Barbuda
ARG	Argentina
ARM	Armenia
ABW	Aruba
AUS	Australia
AUT	Austria
AZE	Azerbaijan
BHS	Bahamas (the)
BHR	Bahrain
BGD	Bangladesh
BRB	Barbados
BLR	Belarus
BEL	Belgium
BLZ	Belize
BEN	Benin
BMU	Bermuda
BTN	Bhutan
BOL	Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
BES	Bonaire
BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina
BWA	Botswana
BVT	Bouvet Island
BRA	Brazil
IOT	British Indian Ocean Territory (the)
BRN	Brunei Darussalam
BGR	Bulgaria
BFA	Burkina Faso
BDI	Burundi
CPV	Cabo Verde
KHM	Cambodia
CMR	Cameroon
CAN	Canada
CYM	Cayman Islands (the)
CAF	Central African Republic (the)
TCD	Chad
CHL	Chile
CHN	China
CXR	Christmas Island
CCK	Cocos (Keeling) Islands (the)
COL	Colombia
COM	Comoros (the)
COD	Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
COG	Congo (the)
COK	Cook Islands (the)
CRI	Costa Rica
HRV	Croatia
CUB	Cuba
CUW	Curaçao
CYP	Cyprus
CZE	Czechia
CIV	Côte d’Ivoire
DNK	Denmark
DJI	Djibouti
DMA	Dominica
DOM	Dominican Republic (the)
ECU	Ecuador
EGY	Egypt
SLV	El Salvador
GNQ	Equatorial Guinea
ERI	Eritrea
EST	Estonia
SWZ	Eswatini
ETH	Ethiopia
FLK	Falkland Islands (the) [Malvinas]
FRO	Faroe Islands (the)
FJI	Fiji
FIN	Finland
FRA	France
GUF	French Guiana
PYF	French Polynesia
ATF	French Southern Territories (the)
GAB	Gabon
GMB	Gambia (the)
GEO	Georgia
DEU	Germany
GHA	Ghana
GIB	Gibraltar
GRC	Greece
GRL	Greenland
GRD	Grenada
GLP	Guadeloupe
GUM	Guam
GTM	Guatemala
GGY	Guernsey
GIN	Guinea
GNB	Guinea-Bissau
GUY	Guyana
HTI	Haiti
HMD	Heard Island and McDonald Islands
VAT	Holy See (the)
HND	Honduras
HKG	Hong Kong
HUN	Hungary
ISL	Iceland
IND	India
IDN	Indonesia
IRN	Iran (Islamic Republic of)
IRQ	Iraq
IRL	Ireland
IMN	Isle of Man
ISR	Israel
ITA	Italy
JAM	Jamaica
JPN	Japan
JEY	Jersey
JOR	Jordan
KAZ	Kazakhstan
KEN	Kenya
KIR	Kiribati
PRK	Korea (the Democratic People’s Republic of)
KOR	Korea (the Republic of)
KWT	Kuwait
KGZ	Kyrgyzstan
LAO	Lao People’s Democratic Republic (the)
LVA	Latvia
LBN	Lebanon
LSO	Lesotho
LBR	Liberia
LBY	Libya
LIE	Liechtenstein
LTU	Lithuania
LUX	Luxembourg
MAC	Macao
MDG	Madagascar
MWI	Malawi
MYS	Malaysia
MDV	Maldives
MLI	Mali
MLT	Malta
MHL	Marshall Islands (the)
MTQ	Martinique
MRT	Mauritania
MUS	Mauritius
MYT	Mayotte
MEX	Mexico
FSM	Micronesia (Federated States of)
MDA	Moldova (the Republic of)
MCO	Monaco
MNG	Mongolia
MNE	Montenegro
MSR	Montserrat
MAR	Morocco
MOZ	Mozambique
MMR	Myanmar
NAM	Namibia
NRU	Nauru
NPL	Nepal
NLD	Netherlands (the)
NCL	New Caledonia
NZL	New Zealand
NIC	Nicaragua
NER	Niger (the)
NGA	Nigeria
NIU	Niue
NFK	Norfolk Island
MNP	Northern Mariana Islands (the)
NOR	Norway
OMN	Oman
PAK	Pakistan
PLW	Palau
PSE	Palestine
PAN	Panama
PNG	Papua New Guinea
PRY	Paraguay
PER	Peru
PHL	Philippines (the)
PCN	Pitcairn
POL	Poland
PRT	Portugal
PRI	Puerto Rico
QAT	Qatar
MKD	Republic of North Macedonia
ROU	Romania
RUS	Russian Federation (the)
RWA	Rwanda
REU	Réunion
BLM	Saint Barthélemy
SHN	Saint Helena
KNA	Saint Kitts and Nevis
LCA	Saint Lucia
MAF	Saint Martin (French part)
SPM	Saint Pierre and Miquelon
VCT	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
WSM	Samoa
SMR	San Marino
STP	Sao Tome and Principe
SAU	Saudi Arabia
SEN	Senegal
SRB	Serbia
SYC	Seychelles
SLE	Sierra Leone
SGP	Singapore
SXM	Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
SVK	Slovakia
SVN	Slovenia
SLB	Solomon Islands
SOM	Somalia
ZAF	South Africa
SGS	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
SSD	South Sudan
ESP	Spain
LKA	Sri Lanka
SDN	Sudan (the)
SUR	Suriname
SJM	Svalbard and Jan Mayen
SWE	Sweden
CHE	Switzerland
SYR	Syrian Arab Republic
TWN	Taiwan (Province of China)
TJK	Tajikistan
TZA	Tanzania
THA	Thailand
TLS	Timor-Leste
TGO	Togo
TKL	Tokelau
TON	Tonga
TTO	Trinidad and Tobago
TUN	Tunisia
TUR	Turkey
TKM	Turkmenistan
TCA	Turks and Caicos Islands (the)
TUV	Tuvalu
UGA	Uganda
UKR	Ukraine
ARE	United Arab Emirates (the)
GBR	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the)
UMI	United States Minor Outlying Islands (the)
USA	United States of America (the)
URY	Uruguay
UZB	Uzbekistan
VUT	Vanuatu
VEN	Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
VNM	Viet Nam
VGB	Virgin Islands (British)
VIR	Virgin Islands (U.S.)
WLF	Wallis and Futuna
ESH	Western Sahara
YEM	Yemen
ZMB	Zambia
ZWE	Zimbabwe
ALA	Åland Islands

data_calculation_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
inferred	Inferred	Original data from during an event.
observed	Observed	Post-event observation data such as post-event damage surveys.
simulated	Simulated	Numerical simulation data.

exposure_category

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
agriculture	Agriculture	Agriculture including crops, livestock and agribusiness.
buildings	Buildings	Residential, commercial, industrial and public-service buildings such as education, healthcare, governmental buildings, etc.
infrastructure	Infrastructure	Lifelines infrastructure, including transport, communications, energy, water.
population	Population	People.
natural_environment	Natural environment	The natural environment, including forestry and other types of vegetation.
economic_indicator	Economic Indicator	Economic activity and growth, including measures of economic value such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
development_index	Development Index	Social development, or social and economic development, such as the Human Development Index (HDI).

frequency_distribution

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
poisson	Poisson	Data modelled using a poisson distribution.
negative_binomial	Negative Binomial	Data modelled using a negative binomial distribution.
user_defined	User defined	Data modelled using a user defined distribution.
generalized_extreme_value	Generalized extreme values	Data modelled using the generalized extreme value distribution.

function_approach

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
analytical	Analytical	Data or function generated using numerical or computational models to simulate the response of a structure under increasing hazard intensities.
empirical	Empirical survey	Data or function generated through regression analysis of historical loss data.
hybrid	Hybrid	Data or function generated using data gathered from the international literature.
judgement	Judgement	Data or function generated through the elicitation of expert opinion (heuristic).

hazard_type

The RDLS offers a classification of hazards that are more often required in disaster risk assessments, based on the review and mapping of existing alternative definitions into one consistent framework. For more information, see hazard taxonomies.

The hazard_type codelist classifies hazard phenomena by the main hazard to which they relate. Hazard phenomena can also be classified by the hazard process to which they relate. For more information, see the process_type codelist.

The hazard_type codelist includes a mapping from the RDLS hazard types to the hazard categories defined in the UNDRR Hazard Information Profiles.

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	UNDRR Hazard Category
convective_storm	Convective Storm	Convective storms or thunderstorms, are severe local storms formed through the process of convection, whereby heat and moisture are transported vertically in the atmosphere. They are associated with thunder, lightning, heavy rain, hail, strong winds and sudden temperature changes. They can occur all year round but are most common during summer (RMETS, 2020).	Meteorological and hydrological
drought	Drought	A drought is a period of abnormally dry weather characterised by a prolonged deficiency of precipitation below a certain threshold over a large area and a period longer than a month (WMO, 2020).	Meteorological and hydrological
extreme_temperature	Extreme Temperature	Temperature extremes including extreme heat and cold, referred to as heat waves and cold waves.	Meteorological and hydrological
flood	Flood	Inundation of water as a result of rainfall ponding on the surface and/or originating from river channels, includes pluvial flood and fluvial flood.	Meteorological and hydrological
wildfire	Wildfire	An unplanned or uncontrolled fire affecting natural, cultural, industrial and residential landscapes (adapted from FAO, 2010).	Environmental
strong_wind	Strong Wind	Storms in which high wind speeds and wind forces contribute to damage, including tropical storms and cyclone, extra-tropical cyclone, and tornado.	Meteorological and hydrological
earthquake	Earthquake	A sudden slip on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip, volcanic or magmatic activity, or other sudden stress changes in the Earth (USGS, no date).	Geological
landslide	Landslide	The downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity. Includes various sub-types of landslide including rockfall and mudflows.	Geological
tsunami	Tsunami	A series of travelling waves of extremely long length and period, usually generated by ground movement in earthquakes but also caused by landslides, volcanic eruption and meteorological pressure.	Geological
volcanic	Volcanic	Any potentially dangerous volcanic process that puts human lives, livelihoods or infrastructure at risk of harm. Several hazards may affect the area around the volcano, such as lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars, jokulhlaups and landslides or debris avalanches with tephra fall, including ashfall further afield (adapted from BGS, 2012).	Geological
pest_infestation	Pest Infestation	An insect pest infestation is a recently detected insect pest population, including an incursion, or a sudden significant increase of an established insect in an area leading to damage to plants in production fields, forests or natural habitats and causing substantial damage to productivity, biodiversity or natural resources (adapted from IPPC Secretariat, 2024).	Biological
sea_level_rise	Sea Level Rise	Sea-level change (sea-level rise / sea-level fall) refers to a change in the height of sea level, both globally and locally (relative sea-level change), at seasonal, annual, or longer time scales. It results from a change in ocean volume due to a change in the mass of water in the ocean (e.g. melting of glaciers and ice sheets), changes in ocean water density (e.g. expansion under warmer conditions), changes in the shape of ocean basins, changes in the Earth’s gravitational and rotational fields, and local land subsidence or uplift (IPCC, 2019).	Environmental
erosion	Erosion	Erosion is the geological process in which earth materials-soil, rock, and sediments-are worn away, detached, and transported by natural forces such as water, wind, ice, and gravity.	Geological
dust_sand_storm	Dust and Sand Storm	A dust storm is an ensemble of particles of dust or sand energetically lifted to great heights by a strong and turbulent wind (WMO, 2017).	Meteorological and hydrological

impact_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
direct	Direct	The physical or structural impact caused by the disaster such as the destruction of infrastructure caused by the force of physical processes in an event.
indirect	Indirect	Subsequent or secondary results of the initial damage or destruction, such as business interruption losses. Indirect losses may be incurred far away from the original affected area or later in time.
total	Total	Combination of direct and indirect losses or impact.

loss_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
ground_up	Ground up	Monetary amount indicating the total loss before any impact of insurance is applied.
insured	Insured	Monetary amount of loss that is insured by private or (sub)sovereign insurance solutions.
gross	Gross Loss	Monetary amount indicating an insurers loss after deductibles, limits or co-insurance are applied, but before any reinsurance.
count	Count	A number indicating, for example, people affected, displaced, or killed, or assets exposed or damaged.
net_precat	Net Loss Pre-Cat	Modeled loss representing the grosss loss with facultative and per-risk reinsurance applied but not catastrophe treaties.
net_postcat	Net Loss Post-Cat	Modeled loss representing the net-pre-cat loss with catastrophe treaties applied.

loss_statistic

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
annual_average	Annual average loss (AAL)	Expected loss per year averaged over the full loss exceedance probability curve. impact_type denotes total, direct, or indirect.
probable_maximum	Probable maximum loss (PML)	Estimated maximum loss at a given exceedance probability or return period, assuming normal functioning of passive protective features.
value_at_risk	Value at risk (VaR)	Minimum loss likely to be equalled or exceeded at a given annual probability.
tail_value_at_risk	Tail value at risk (TVaR)	Average loss conditional on exceeding the value at risk threshold.

metric_dimension

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
structure	Structure	Physical structure such as a building or piece of infrastructure.
content	Content	Physical contents of a structure.
product	Product	Products produced by businesses, which may or may not be physical items.
disruption	Disruption (Business Interruption)	Planned operations or service provision of a business or infrastructure.
population	Population	Injuries, fatalities, and displacements of a population.
index	Indicator or index value	Value of economic indicator or development index.

process_type

The process_type codelist defines hazard processes and the hazard types to which they relate. Hazard phenomena can also be the main hazard to which they relate. For more information, see the hazard_type codelist. Process types are based primarily on the UNDRR Hazard terminology and the codelist includes a mapping to EM-DAT and the UNDRR Hazard Information Profiles.

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Hazard	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
tornado	Tornado	A rotating column of air, extending from the base of a cumuliform cloud, and often visible as a condensation funnel in contact with the ground, and/or attendant circulating dust or debris cloud at the ground (WMO, 2017).	strong_wind,convective_storm	Tornado	nat-met-sto-tor	MH0305	Tornado	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0305
agricultural_drought	Agricultural Drought	Occurs when agricultural production becomes affected. It focuses on precipitation shortages, differences between actual evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater and so on.	drought	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
hydrological_drought	Hydrological Drought	Occurs when low water supply becomes evident and is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply.	drought	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
meteorological_drought	Meteorological Drought	Occurs when dry weather patterns dominate an area. It is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness and the duration of the dry period.	drought	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
socioeconomic_drought	Socio-economic Drought	Relates the supply and demand of some economic goods with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. It also occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weather-related shortfall in water supply.	drought	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
rupture	Seismic Rupture	Primary earthquake surface ruptures and fissures are localised ground displacements that develop during and immediately after an earthquake. Surface ruptures represent the upward continuation of fault slip at depth, while fissures are smaller displacements, or more distributed deformation in and around the rupture area. Secondary earthquake ruptures occur due to stress transfer from a primary rupture, causing concurrent or subsequent rupture of intersecting faults in the same fault set.	earthquake	Sudden Subsidence (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-sub	GH0101	Earthquake	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0101
ground_motion	Ground Motion	Earthquake ground shaking is the movement of the Earth’s surface produced by seismic waves that are generated when an earthquake occurs.	earthquake	Ground movement	nat-geo-ear-gro	GH0101	Earthquake	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0101
liquefaction	Liquefaction	Soil liquefaction occurs when soil is transformed from a solid to a liquid state as a result of increased pore pressure and reduced effective stress. It is typically caused by rapid loading of the soil during earthquake shaking (AGI, 2017).	earthquake			GH0307	Liquefaction	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0307
extreme_cold	Extreme cold	A period of marked and unusual cold weather characterised by a sharp and significant drop in air temperatures near the surface (maximum, minimum and daily average) over a large area and persisting below certain thresholds for at least two consecutive days during the cold season (WMO, 2020).	extreme_temperature	Cold wave	nat-met-ext-col	MH0502	Cold wave	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0502
extreme_heat	Extreme heat	A marked unusual period of hot weather over a region persisting for at least two consecutive days during the hot period of the year based on local climatological conditions, with thermal conditions recorded above given thresholds (WMO, 2020).	extreme_temperature	Heat wave	nat-met-ext-hea	MH0501	Heatwave	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0501
fluvial_flood	Fluvial Flood	A rise, usually brief, in the water level of a stream or water body to a peak from which the water level recedes at a slower rate (WMO, 2012).	flood	Riverine flood	nat-hyd-flo-riv	MH0604	Fluvial (Riverine) Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0604
pluvial_flood	Pluvial Flood	Pluvial flood, or surface water flooding, is caused by rain remaining and ponding on the ground surface during and after rainfall events, and can also include urban flooding, which results form the capacity of urban drainage systems being exceeded.	flood	Flash flood	nat-hyd-flo-fla	MH0606	Surface Water Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0606
coastal_flood	Coastal Flood	Most frequently the result of storm surges and high winds coinciding with high tides. The surge itself is the result of the raising of sea levels due to low atmospheric pressure. In particular configurations, such as major estuaries or confined sea areas, the piling up of water is amplified by a combination of the shallowing of the seabed and retarding of return flow (WMO, 2011).	flood	Coastal flood	nat-hyd-flo-coa	MH0601	Coastal Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0601
groundwater_flood	Groundwater Flood	The emergence of groundwater at the ground surface away from perennial river channels or the rising of groundwater into man-made ground, under conditions where the ‘normal’ ranges of groundwater level and groundwater flow are exceeded (BGS, 2010).	flood	Flood (General)	nat-hyd-flo-flo	MH0605	Groundwater Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0605
snow_avalanche	Snow Avalanche	A mass of snow and ice falling suddenly down a mountain slope and often taking with it earth, rocks and rubble of every description (WMO, 1992).	landslide	Avalanche (wet)	nat-hyd-mmw-ava	MH0801	Avalanche	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0801
landslide_general	Landslide (general)	The downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity, often triggered by seismic activity or precipitation. This general code can be used to include multiple specific types of landslide activity	landslide	Landslide (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-lan	GH0300	Gravitational Mass Movement (‘Landslide’)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0300
landslide_rockslide	Rockslide	A movement of a mass of soil or rock on an individualized failure surface (Dennis and Didier, 2019).	landslide	Landslide (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-lan	GH0304	Rock, debris and earth (mud) slide	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0304
landslide_mudflow	Mudflow	A flow of water so heavily charged with sediment and debris that the flowing mass is thick and viscous (WMO and UNESCO, 2012).	landslide	Mudslide	nat-hyd-mmw-mud	GH0303	Debris and earth (mud)flows and rock avalanches	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0303
landslide_rockfall	Rockfall	A fragment of rock (a block) detached by sliding, toppling, or falling, that falls along a vertical or sub-vertical cliff.	landslide	Rockfall (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-roc	GH0301	Rock, debris and earth falls	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0301
tsunami	Tsunami	A series of travelling waves of extremely long length and period, usually generated by disturbances associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor, but can also be caused by landslides (subaerial and submarine), volcanic activity and meteorological conditions.	tsunami	Tsunami	nat-geo-ear-tsu	MH0705	Tsunami	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0705
ashfall	Ashfall	The finest particles of tephra (less than 2 mm diameter) - tephra is a collective term for fragmented magma and old (i.e., preexisting) rocks ejected into the atmosphere from volcanic vents during an explosive eruption.	volcanic	Ash fall	nat-geo-vol-ash	GH0202	Ash/Tephra Fall (including Volcanic Ballistic Projectiles)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0202
volcano_ballistics	Ballistics	Fragments of magma and old (i.e., pre-existing) rocks ejected during an explosive eruption.	volcanic	Volcanic activity (General)	nat-geo-vol-vol	GH0202	Ash/Tephra Fall (including Volcanic Ballistic Projectiles)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0202
lahar	Lahar	Discrete, rapid, gravity-driven, water-saturated flows containing water and solid particles of volcanic rock, sediment, ice, wood, and other debris that originate at volcanoes.	volcanic	Lahar	nat-geo-vol-lah	GH0204	Lahars	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0204
lava	Lava	A lava flow forms during an eruption or eruptive episode and travels away from the source vent as fluid, relatively low-viscosity molten rock.	volcanic	Lava flow	nat-geo-vol-lav	GH0201	Lava Flows and Domes	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0201
pyroclastic_flow	Pyroclastic Flow	Also known as pyroclastic density currents these are hot, fast-moving mixtures of volcanic particles and gas that originate from the gravitational collapse of explosive eruption columns, lava domes or lava-flow fronts, and from explosive lateral blasts.	volcanic	Pyroclastic flow	nat-geo-vol-pyr	GH0203	Pyroclastic Density Current	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0203
volcano_gas_aerosols	Volcanic Gases and Aerosols	Volcanic gases and aerosols emitted by almost any type of volcanic activity, includes lake overturn.	volcanic	Volcanic activity (General)	nat-geo-vol-vol	GH0205	Volcanic Gases and Aerosols	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0205
wildfire	Wildfire	An unplanned or uncontrolled fire affecting natural, cultural, industrial and residential landscapes (UNDRR adapted from FAO, 2010).	wildfire	Wildfire (General)	nat-cli-wil-wil	EN0205	Wildfires	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/en0205
extratropical_cyclone	Extratropical cyclone	A low-pressure system which develops in latitudes outside the tropics (WMO, 1992).	strong_wind	Extra-tropical storm	nat-met-sto-ext	MH0307	Extra-tropical cyclone	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0307
tropical_cyclone	Tropical cyclone	A warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone, originating over tropical or subtropical waters, with organised deep convection and closed surface wind circulation about a well-defined centre (WMO, 2017).	strong_wind	Tropical cyclone	nat-met-sto-tro	MH0309	Tropical Cyclone	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0309
wildfire_smoke	Wildfire Smoke	Smoke contains particulate matter, which is a common proxy for air pollution. This process type focusses on smoke originating from wildfires.	wildfire	Wildfire (General)	nat-cli-wil-wil	MH0205	Smoke	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0205
storm_surge	Storm Surge	Reflects the difference between the actual water level under the influence of a meteorological disturbance (storm tide) and the level which would have occurred in the absence of the meteorological disturbance (i.e., astronomical tide) (WMO, 2008, 2011, 2017).	strong_wind	Storm surge	nat-met-sto-sur	MH0703	Storm Surge	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0703
coastal_erosion	Coastal Erosion	Coastal erosion is the process of removal of material at the shoreline which leads to the loss of land as the shoreline retreats landward.	erosion			GH0405	Coastal Erosion and Accretion	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0405
soil_erosion	Soil	Erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, gravity or other natural or anthropogenic agents that abrade, detach and remove soil particles from one point on the earth’s surface, for deposition elsewhere. Four main forms are recognized: water, wind, harvest and tillage. (FAO, 2020).	erosion			GH0403	Soil Erosion	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0403
subsidence_uplift	Subsidence and uplift	Subsidence is a lowering or collapse of the ground (BGS, 2020). Uplift is the converse. This process type is intended to describe co-seismic subsidence and uplift: that which occurs during earthquakes.	earthquake	Sudden Subsidence (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-sub	GH0309	Subsidence and Uplift	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0309
lightning	Lightning	Lightning is a large electrical discharge caused by a thundercloud.	convective_storm	Lightning/Thunderstorms	nat-met-sto-lig	MH0102	Lightning (Electrical Storm)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0102
dust_sand_storm	Dust or sand storm	A dust storm is an ensemble of particles of dust or sand energetically lifted to great heights by a strong and turbulent wind (WMO, 2017).	dust_sand_storm	Sand/Dust storm	nat-met-sto-san	MH0201	Dust storm or Sandstorm	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0201
thunderstorm	Thunderstorm	A thunderstorm is defined as one or more sudden electrical discharges, manifested by a flash of light (lightning) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder) (WMO, no date).	convective_storm	Lightning/Thunderstorms	nat-met-sto-lig	MH0103	Thunderstorm	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0103
sea_level_rise	Sea Level Rise	Sea-level change (sea-level rise / sea-level fall) refers to a change in the height of sea level, both globally and locally (relative sea-level change), at seasonal, annual, or longer time scales. It results from a change in ocean volume due to a change in the mass of water in the ocean (e.g. melting of glaciers and ice sheets), changes in ocean water density (e.g. expansion under warmer conditions), changes in the shape of ocean basins, changes in the Earth’s gravitational and rotational fields, and local land subsidence or uplift (IPCC, 2019).	sea_level_rise			EN0402	Sea Level Rise	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/en0402
pest	Pest Infestation	An insect pest infestation is a recently detected insect pest population, including an incursion, or a sudden significant increase of an established insect in an area leading to damage to plants or trees. Examples for which this process is intended include locust invasion, fall army worm, etc.	pest_infestation	Infestation (General)	nat-bio-inf-inf	BI0401	Insect Pest Infestations	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/bi0401
glacial_lake_outburst	Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding	A glacial lake outburst flood is a sudden release of a significant amount of water retained in a glacial lake, irrespective of the cause (Emmer, 2017).	flood	Glacial lake outburst flood	nat-cli-glo-glo	MH0607	Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0607
hail	Hail	Hail occurs during thunderstorms and can cause damage to plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft.	convective_storm	Hail	nat-met-sto-hai	MH0404	Hail	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0404

See also

For validation purposes, separate codelists for each hazard type are also provided below:

process_type_convective_storm

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
tornado	Tornado	A rotating column of air, extending from the base of a cumuliform cloud, and often visible as a condensation funnel in contact with the ground, and/or attendant circulating dust or debris cloud at the ground (WMO, 2017).	Tornado	nat-met-sto-tor	MH0305	Tornado	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0305
lightning	Lightning	Lightning is a large electrical discharge caused by a thundercloud.	Lightning/Thunderstorms	nat-met-sto-lig	MH0102	Lightning (Electrical Storm)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0102
thunderstorm	Thunderstorm	A thunderstorm is defined as one or more sudden electrical discharges, manifested by a flash of light (lightning) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder) (WMO, no date).	Lightning/Thunderstorms	nat-met-sto-lig	MH0103	Thunderstorm	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0103
hail	Hail	Hail occurs during thunderstorms and can cause damage to plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft.	Hail	nat-met-sto-hai	MH0404	Hail	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0404

process_type_drought

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
agricultural_drought	Agricultural Drought	Occurs when agricultural production becomes affected. It focuses on precipitation shortages, differences between actual evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater and so on.	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
hydrological_drought	Hydrological Drought	Occurs when low water supply becomes evident and is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply.	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
meteorological_drought	Meteorological Drought	Occurs when dry weather patterns dominate an area. It is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness and the duration of the dry period.	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401
socioeconomic_drought	Socio-economic Drought	Relates the supply and demand of some economic goods with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. It also occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weather-related shortfall in water supply.	Drought	nat-cli-dro-dro	MH0401	Drought	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0401

process_type_dust_sand_storm

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
dust_sand_storm	Dust or sand storm	A dust storm is an ensemble of particles of dust or sand energetically lifted to great heights by a strong and turbulent wind (WMO, 2017).	Sand/Dust storm	nat-met-sto-san	MH0201	Dust storm or Sandstorm	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0201

process_type_earthquake

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
rupture	Seismic Rupture	Primary earthquake surface ruptures and fissures are localised ground displacements that develop during and immediately after an earthquake. Surface ruptures represent the upward continuation of fault slip at depth, while fissures are smaller displacements, or more distributed deformation in and around the rupture area. Secondary earthquake ruptures occur due to stress transfer from a primary rupture, causing concurrent or subsequent rupture of intersecting faults in the same fault set.	Sudden Subsidence (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-sub	GH0101	Earthquake	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0101
ground_motion	Ground Motion	Earthquake ground shaking is the movement of the Earth’s surface produced by seismic waves that are generated when an earthquake occurs.	Ground movement	nat-geo-ear-gro	GH0101	Earthquake	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0101
liquefaction	Liquefaction	Soil liquefaction occurs when soil is transformed from a solid to a liquid state as a result of increased pore pressure and reduced effective stress. It is typically caused by rapid loading of the soil during earthquake shaking (AGI, 2017).			GH0307	Liquefaction	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0307
subsidence_uplift	Subsidence and uplift	Subsidence is a lowering or collapse of the ground (BGS, 2020). Uplift is the converse. This process type is intended to describe co-seismic subsidence and uplift: that which occurs during earthquakes.	Sudden Subsidence (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-sub	GH0309	Subsidence and Uplift	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0309

process_type_erosion

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
coastal_erosion	Coastal Erosion	Coastal erosion is the process of removal of material at the shoreline which leads to the loss of land as the shoreline retreats landward.			GH0405	Coastal Erosion and Accretion	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0405
soil_erosion	Soil	Erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, gravity or other natural or anthropogenic agents that abrade, detach and remove soil particles from one point on the earth’s surface, for deposition elsewhere. Four main forms are recognized: water, wind, harvest and tillage. (FAO, 2020).			GH0403	Soil Erosion	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0403

process_type_extreme_temperature

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
extreme_cold	Extreme cold	A period of marked and unusual cold weather characterised by a sharp and significant drop in air temperatures near the surface (maximum, minimum and daily average) over a large area and persisting below certain thresholds for at least two consecutive days during the cold season (WMO, 2020).	Cold wave	nat-met-ext-col	MH0502	Cold wave	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0502
extreme_heat	Extreme heat	A marked unusual period of hot weather over a region persisting for at least two consecutive days during the hot period of the year based on local climatological conditions, with thermal conditions recorded above given thresholds (WMO, 2020).	Heat wave	nat-met-ext-hea	MH0501	Heatwave	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0501

process_type_flood

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
fluvial_flood	Fluvial Flood	A rise, usually brief, in the water level of a stream or water body to a peak from which the water level recedes at a slower rate (WMO, 2012).	Riverine flood	nat-hyd-flo-riv	MH0604	Fluvial (Riverine) Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0604
pluvial_flood	Pluvial Flood	Pluvial flood, or surface water flooding, is caused by rain remaining and ponding on the ground surface during and after rainfall events, and can also include urban flooding, which results form the capacity of urban drainage systems being exceeded.	Flash flood	nat-hyd-flo-fla	MH0606	Surface Water Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0606
coastal_flood	Coastal Flood	Most frequently the result of storm surges and high winds coinciding with high tides. The surge itself is the result of the raising of sea levels due to low atmospheric pressure. In particular configurations, such as major estuaries or confined sea areas, the piling up of water is amplified by a combination of the shallowing of the seabed and retarding of return flow (WMO, 2011).	Coastal flood	nat-hyd-flo-coa	MH0601	Coastal Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0601
groundwater_flood	Groundwater Flood	The emergence of groundwater at the ground surface away from perennial river channels or the rising of groundwater into man-made ground, under conditions where the ‘normal’ ranges of groundwater level and groundwater flow are exceeded (BGS, 2010).	Flood (General)	nat-hyd-flo-flo	MH0605	Groundwater Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0605
glacial_lake_outburst	Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding	A glacial lake outburst flood is a sudden release of a significant amount of water retained in a glacial lake, irrespective of the cause (Emmer, 2017).	Glacial lake outburst flood	nat-cli-glo-glo	MH0607	Glacial Lake Outburst Flooding	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0607

process_type_landslide

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
snow_avalanche	Snow Avalanche	A mass of snow and ice falling suddenly down a mountain slope and often taking with it earth, rocks and rubble of every description (WMO, 1992).	Avalanche (wet)	nat-hyd-mmw-ava	MH0801	Avalanche	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0801
landslide_general	Landslide (general)	The downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity, often triggered by seismic activity or precipitation. This general code can be used to include multiple specific types of landslide activity	Landslide (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-lan	GH0300	Gravitational Mass Movement (‘Landslide’)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0300
landslide_rockslide	Rockslide	A movement of a mass of soil or rock on an individualized failure surface (Dennis and Didier, 2019).	Landslide (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-lan	GH0304	Rock, debris and earth (mud) slide	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0304
landslide_mudflow	Mudflow	A flow of water so heavily charged with sediment and debris that the flowing mass is thick and viscous (WMO and UNESCO, 2012).	Mudslide	nat-hyd-mmw-mud	GH0303	Debris and earth (mud)flows and rock avalanches	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0303
landslide_rockfall	Rockfall	A fragment of rock (a block) detached by sliding, toppling, or falling, that falls along a vertical or sub-vertical cliff.	Rockfall (dry)	nat-geo-mmd-roc	GH0301	Rock, debris and earth falls	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0301

process_type_pest_infestation

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
pest	Pest Infestation	An insect pest infestation is a recently detected insect pest population, including an incursion, or a sudden significant increase of an established insect in an area leading to damage to plants or trees. Examples for which this process is intended include locust invasion, fall army worm, etc.	Infestation (General)	nat-bio-inf-inf	BI0401	Insect Pest Infestations	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/bi0401

process_type_sea_level_rise

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
sea_level_rise	Sea Level Rise	Sea-level change (sea-level rise / sea-level fall) refers to a change in the height of sea level, both globally and locally (relative sea-level change), at seasonal, annual, or longer time scales. It results from a change in ocean volume due to a change in the mass of water in the ocean (e.g. melting of glaciers and ice sheets), changes in ocean water density (e.g. expansion under warmer conditions), changes in the shape of ocean basins, changes in the Earth’s gravitational and rotational fields, and local land subsidence or uplift (IPCC, 2019).			EN0402	Sea Level Rise	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/en0402

process_type_strong_wind

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
tornado	Tornado	A rotating column of air, extending from the base of a cumuliform cloud, and often visible as a condensation funnel in contact with the ground, and/or attendant circulating dust or debris cloud at the ground (WMO, 2017).	Tornado	nat-met-sto-tor	MH0305	Tornado	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0305
extratropical_cyclone	Extratropical cyclone	A low-pressure system which develops in latitudes outside the tropics (WMO, 1992).	Extra-tropical storm	nat-met-sto-ext	MH0307	Extra-tropical cyclone	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0307
tropical_cyclone	Tropical cyclone	A warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone, originating over tropical or subtropical waters, with organised deep convection and closed surface wind circulation about a well-defined centre (WMO, 2017).	Tropical cyclone	nat-met-sto-tro	MH0309	Tropical Cyclone	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0309
storm_surge	Storm Surge	Reflects the difference between the actual water level under the influence of a meteorological disturbance (storm tide) and the level which would have occurred in the absence of the meteorological disturbance (i.e., astronomical tide) (WMO, 2008, 2011, 2017).	Storm surge	nat-met-sto-sur	MH0703	Storm Surge	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0703

process_type_tsunami

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
tsunami	Tsunami	A series of travelling waves of extremely long length and period, usually generated by disturbances associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor, but can also be caused by landslides (subaerial and submarine), volcanic activity and meteorological conditions.	Tsunami	nat-geo-ear-tsu	MH0705	Tsunami	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0705

process_type_volcanic

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
ashfall	Ashfall	The finest particles of tephra (less than 2 mm diameter) - tephra is a collective term for fragmented magma and old (i.e., preexisting) rocks ejected into the atmosphere from volcanic vents during an explosive eruption.	Ash fall	nat-geo-vol-ash	GH0202	Ash/Tephra Fall (including Volcanic Ballistic Projectiles)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0202
volcano_ballistics	Ballistics	Fragments of magma and old (i.e., pre-existing) rocks ejected during an explosive eruption.	Volcanic activity (General)	nat-geo-vol-vol	GH0202	Ash/Tephra Fall (including Volcanic Ballistic Projectiles)	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0202
lahar	Lahar	Discrete, rapid, gravity-driven, water-saturated flows containing water and solid particles of volcanic rock, sediment, ice, wood, and other debris that originate at volcanoes.	Lahar	nat-geo-vol-lah	GH0204	Lahars	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0204
lava	Lava	A lava flow forms during an eruption or eruptive episode and travels away from the source vent as fluid, relatively low-viscosity molten rock.	Lava flow	nat-geo-vol-lav	GH0201	Lava Flows and Domes	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0201
pyroclastic_flow	Pyroclastic Flow	Also known as pyroclastic density currents these are hot, fast-moving mixtures of volcanic particles and gas that originate from the gravitational collapse of explosive eruption columns, lava domes or lava-flow fronts, and from explosive lateral blasts.	Pyroclastic flow	nat-geo-vol-pyr	GH0203	Pyroclastic Density Current	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0203
volcano_gas_aerosols	Volcanic Gases and Aerosols	Volcanic gases and aerosols emitted by almost any type of volcanic activity, includes lake overturn.	Volcanic activity (General)	nat-geo-vol-vol	GH0205	Volcanic Gases and Aerosols	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/gh0205

process_type_wildfire

Codes

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Code	Title	Description	Emdat Subtype	Emdat Classification Key	HIPS Code	HIPS Name	HIPS URI
wildfire	Wildfire	An unplanned or uncontrolled fire affecting natural, cultural, industrial and residential landscapes (UNDRR adapted from FAO, 2010).	Wildfire (General)	nat-cli-wil-wil	EN0205	Wildfires	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/en0205
wildfire_smoke	Wildfire Smoke	Smoke contains particulate matter, which is a common proxy for air pollution. This process type focusses on smoke originating from wildfires.	Wildfire (General)	nat-cli-wil-wil	MH0205	Smoke	https://www.undrr.org/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/mh0205

relationship_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
math_parametric	Mathematical function (parametric)	A relationship between structural parameters and expected damage, often based on probabilistic models, such as log-normal or beta distribution. They can account for uncertainties and variability in both the seismic hazard and building attributes.
math_bespoke	Mathematical function (bespoke)	A customized or tailored mathematical function that expresses the relationship between the characteristics of a particular type of structure and its vulnerability to hazard, derived through detailed analysis of that structural type.
discrete	Discrete values	A function that assigns discrete damage states to specific ranges or categories of parameters, such as construction material, structural system or building age. Each range or category is associated with a probability of exceeding a particular damage state.

risk_data_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
hazard	Hazard	Modeled hazard data, including scenario footprints, hazard maps and events sets.
exposure	Exposure	Exposure data including built assets, natural assets and population.
vulnerability	Vulnerability	Physical and social vulnerability relationships and indexes.
loss	Loss	Modeled risk and impact data including monetary and non-monetary impacts.

seasonality

Codes

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Code	Title
uniform	Uniform
user_defined	User defined

source_type

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
dataset	Dataset	Data representing an individual risk data component that is used as input by the model.
model	Model	An analytical approach that combines different component’s datasets into one output.

spatial_scale

Codes

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Code	Title	Description
global	Global	The entire world.
regional	Regional	A supranational region, e.g. Africa.
national	National	A country.
sub-national	Sub-national	A sub-national administrative division.
urban	Urban	A town, city or other human settlement.

taxonomy_ged4all

See also

classification scheme

Codes

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Code	Title	OSM_key	Description	Exposure_category
bui-dir	Buildings - Direction	building:direction=*	Proposed OSM direction tag, associated with buildings (parallel_to_street, perpendicular_to_street, unknown)	buildings
bui-lvl	Buildings - Levels	building:levels=*	Number of above-ground levels of a building	buildings
bui-lvl-und	Buildings - Levels underground	building:levels:underground=*	Number of below-ground levels of a building	buildings
bui-hgt	Buildings - Height	building:height=*	Describes the height of a building in meters	buildings
bui-slp	Buildings - Slope	building:ground_slope=*	Describes the slope of the building in relation to the ground in degrees	buildings
bui-dte	Buildings - Date of Construction or Retrofit	building:age=*	Proposed OSM age tag, associated with buildings (pre_2000, post_2000, unknown)	buildings
bui-cnd	Buildings - Condition	building:condition=*	Describes the condition of the building (good, average, poor, unknown)	buildings
bui-srd	Buildings - Surroundings	building:adjacency=*	Describe the neighbouring condition of the building( attached, free_standing)	buildings
bui-geo	Buildings - Geological site	building:geological_site=*	Describes the geological site the building is built upon (flat_land, river_bank, slopy_land, landslide_prone_area, flood_prone_area, river_bank)	buildings
bui-occ	Buildings - Occupancy	building=*	Describe the building purpose ( residential, commercial, public, mixed_use, industrial, agriculture, assembly, government, educational, unknown)	buildings
bui-cap	Buildings - Capacity	capacity:persons=*	Describe the number of people a building can support	buildings
bui-shp	Buildings - Shape of the Building Plan	building:shape=*	Proposed shape tag, associated with buildings (square, rectangular, l_shape, curved, triangular, polygonal, e_shape, h_shape, s_shape, t_shape, u_c_shape, x-shape, y-shape, irregular, unknown)	buildings
bui-str-irr	Buildings - Structural Irregularity	building:irregularity=*	Proposed OSM irregularity tag, associated with buildings (regular, irregular, unknown)	buildings
bui-gfl-hyd	Buildings - Ground Floor Hydrodynamics	ground_floor:openings=*	Proposed OSM openings tag, associated with building ground floors (yes, no, unknown)	buildings
bui-gfl-hgt	Buildings - Ground Floor Height	ground_floor:height=*	Proposed OSM height tag in meters, associated with building ground floors	buildings
bui-llrs	Buildings - Lateral Load-Resisting System	building:lateral:system=*	Proposed lateral load resisting system of buildings (moment_frame, infilled_frame, braced_frame, post_beam, wall, dual_framewall, flat_slab, waffle_slab ,infill_flatslab, infill_waffleslab, hybrid, unknown)	buildings
bui-mtr	Buildings - Material of Exterior Walls	building:material=*	Material for the exterior walls (concrete, glass, earth, masonry, metal, vegetation, wood, stucco, plastic, vinyl, cement, unknown)	buildings
bui-llrs-mtr	Buildings - Material of the Lateral Load-Resisting System	building:lateral:material=*	Proposed lateral load resisting material tag (concrete_reinforced, concrete, concrete_steel, metal, masonary_reinforced, masonry, masonry_confined, earth, earth_reinforced, wood, other, unknown )	buildings
bui-opn	Buildings - Openings	wall:openings=*	Proposed OSM openings tag, associated with building walls (yes, no, unknown)	buildings
bui-rof-shp	Buildings - Roof shape	roof:shape=*	Well known roof shapes (flat, pitched, monopitch, sawtooth, curved, complex_regular, complex_irregular, unknown)	buildings
bui-rof-mtr	Buildings - Roof material	roof:material=*	Outer material for the building roof (masonry, earth, concrete, metal, wood, fabric, slate, stone, clay, unknown)	buildings
bui-flr-mtr	Buildings - Floor material	floor:material=*	Material of the building floor (masonry, earth, concrete, metal, wood, unknown)	buildings
bui-fnd	Buildings - Foundation	building:foundation=*	Proposed OSM foundation tag, associated with buildings (shallow, deep, unknown)	buildings
bui-fir	Buildings - Fire Protection	building:fireproof=*	Information on a building’s fire-resistance rating (yes, no, unknown)	buildings
trs-rod	Transport - Road	highway=*	Main key used for identifying any kind of road, street or path. The value of the key helps indicate the importance of the highway within the road network as a whole	infrastructure
trs-mtw	Transport - Motorway	highway=motorway	Restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc	infrastructure
trs-trk	Transport - Trunk	highway=trunk	Most important roads in a country’s system that aren’t motorways (need not necessarily be a divided highway)	infrastructure
trs-prr	Transport - Primary road	highway=primary	Next most important roads in a country’s system (often link large towns) A major highway linking large towns, in developed countries normally with 2 lanes	infrastructure
trs-scr	Transport - Secondary road	highway=secondary	Next most important roads in a country’s system (often link towns)	infrastructure
trs-trr	Transport - Tertiary road	highway=tertiary	Next most important roads in a country’s system (often link smaller towns and villages)	infrastructure
trs-unr	Transport - Unclassified road	highway=unclassified	Least most important through roads in a country’s system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. Often link villages and hamlets	infrastructure
trs-rsr	Transport - Residential road	highway=residential	Roads that serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing	infrastructure
trs-srr	Transport - Service road	highway=service	Access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park etc	infrastructure
trs-rwy	Transport - Railway	railway=*	Main key used for all forms of transport using metal rails, including mainline services, subways, heritage lines and trams	infrastructure
trs-lrl	Transport - Light Rail	railway=light_rail	Higher-standard tram system, normally in its own right-of-way. Often it connects towns and thus reaches a considerable length (tens of kilometers)	infrastructure
trs-mrl	Transport - Monorail	railway=monorail	Railway with only a single rail. A monorail can run above the rail such as in Las Vegas and Disneyland or can suspend below the rail such as the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (Germany)	infrastructure
trs-ral	Transport - Rail	railway=rail	Full sized passenger or freight trains in the standard gauge for the country or state	infrastructure
trs-sbw	Transport - Subway	railway=subway	City passenger underground rail service running mostly grade separated	infrastructure
trs-trm	Transport - Tram	railway=tram	One or two carriage rail vehicles, usually sharing motor road	infrastructure
trs-brg	Transport - Bridge	bridge=*	When a road, railway, path canal, pipeline or similar is leading over a bridge	infrastructure
trs-brg-mtr	Transport - Bridge Material	bridge:material=*	Main material of construction: general material (concrete, masonry, steel, iron, wood, mixed) and detailed material	infrastructure
trs-brg-str	Transport - Bridge Structure	bridge:structure=*	Describes the load-bearing architecture of individual bridge spans (arch, beam, truss, floating, suspension, cable-stayed, simple-suspension, humpback)	infrastructure
trs-brg-dck	Transport - Bridge Deck Characteristics	bridge:width=*	Include the width, length and height of the deck in meters	infrastructure
trs-brg-dss	Transport - Bridge Deck structural system	bridge:support=*	Indicate the position of the abutments and piers which support a bridge from beneath (pier, abutment, lift_pier, pivot_pier)	infrastructure
trs-brg-pdc	Transport - Bridge Pier to deck connection	pier:connection=*	Proposed OSM pier connection tag, associated with bridges (value options: not_isolated, isolated, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-psc	Transport - Bridge Pier to Superstructure Connection	pier:superstructure=*	Proposed OSM pier superstructure tag, associated with bridges (value options: single-column, multi-column, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-nop	Transport - Bridge Number of Piers	bridge:total_piers=*	Proposed OSM total piers tag, associated with bridges (number of piers	infrastructure
trs-brg-pir-shp	Transport - Bridge Shape of Section of the Pier	pier:shape=*	Proposed OSM pier shape tag, associated with bridges (cylindrical, rectangular, oblong, wall-type, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-pir-hgt	Transport - Bridge Height of the Pier	pier:height=*	Proposed OSM pier height tag, associated with bridges (height in meters)	infrastructure
trs-brg-spn	Transport - Bridge Span	pier:span=*	Proposed OSM pier span tag, associated with bridges (single, multi-span, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-abt	Transport - Bridge Connections to the Abutments	abutment:connection=*	Proposed OSM abutment connection tag, associated with bridges (free, monolithic, isolated, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-cfg	Transport - Bridge Configuration	bridge:configuration=*	Proposed OSM bridge configuration tag, associated with bridges (regular, semi_regular,  irregular, unknown)	infrastructure
trs-brg-ssm	Transport - Bridge Level of Seismicity	bridge:seismicity=*	Proposed OSM bridge seismicity tag, associated with bridges (no_design, designed, unknown)	infrastructure
pip	Pipeline	man_made=pipeline	A major pipeline carrying gas, water, oil, etc.	infrastructure
pip-cnt	Pipeline - Content	substance=*	The substance transported within the pipeline. If the medium is not known, do NOT specify this tag	infrastructure
pip-pos	Pipeline - Position	location=*	The location of the pipeline (underground, overground, overhead, underwater	infrastructure
pip-mtr	Pipeline - Material	material=*	The material transported by the pipeline	infrastructure
pip-jnt	Pipeline - Joint Type	joint=*	This is the proposed joint tag, associated with pipelines	infrastructure
pip-sol	Pipeline - Soil Type	material=soil and type=*	The material key is used to specify soil, in conjunction with the type key when specifying the kind of soil	infrastructure
pip-dia	Pipeline - Diameter	diameter=*	Specifies the nominal diameter of the pipeline, in millimeters	infrastructure
stk	Storage tank	man_made=storage_tank	Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for short- or long-term storage	infrastructure
stk-pos	Storage tank - Position		The location of the storage tank	infrastructure
stk-hgt	Storage tank - Height	height=*	Height in meters	infrastructure
stk-mtr	Storage tank - Material	material=*	Main material the storage tank is made of	infrastructure
stk-anc	Storage tank - Anchorage	anchored=*	Proposed OSM anchored key, associated with storage tanks (yes, no, unknown)	infrastructure
stk-shp	Storage tank - Shape	diameter=*	The shape can be determined by the height-to-diameter ratio	infrastructure
stk-cnt	Storage tank - Content	content=*	What the storage tank typically holds	infrastructure
pwr-sub	Power grid - Substation	power=substation	Place dedicated to step-up or step-down the voltage=* within an electrical power grid, generally linked to the rest of the electrical network by one or more sets of power=lines and which may contains one or more power=transformers	infrastructure
pwr-trn	Power grid - Transmission	substation=transmission	Substation whose main function is to connect and switch transmission lines transmitting power between areas	infrastructure
pwr-trf	Power grid - Transformer	power=transformer	Static device that converts a given power voltage to another power voltage. Usually located within a substation	infrastructure
pwr-vlt	Power grid - Voltage	voltage=*	The highest voltage of operation within the facility	infrastructure
pwr-anc	Power grid - Anchorage	anchored=*	Proposed OSM anchored key, associated with storage tanks (yes, no, unknown)	infrastructure
pwr-cod	Power grid - Code Provisions	substation:code=*	Proposed OSM provision code key, associated with storage tanks (none, low, moderate, high, unknown)	infrastructure
pwr-twr	Power grid - Tower	power=tower	For big towers or pylons carrying electricity cables. Normally constructed from steel latticework and carry high voltage electricity cables	infrastructure
pwr-twr-mtr	Power grid - Tower material	material=*	Default value is steel (steel, wood, concrete, aluminium, composite)	infrastructure
pwr-twr-str	Power grid - Tower structure	structure=*	Default value for steel towers is lattice (lattice, tubular, solid)	infrastructure
pwr-twr-hgt	Power grid - Tower height	height=*	Height in meter of the tower	infrastructure
pwr-lin	Power grid - Power line	power=line	High-voltage power lines used for power transmission, supported by towers/pylons, or in some places or situations, by poles	infrastructure
pwr-lin-vlt	Power grid - Power line voltage	voltage=*	Voltage at which the line is operated (operating voltage)	infrastructure
pwr-lin-opr	Power grid - Power line operator	operator=*	Name of the company which operates this power line section (cable operator)	infrastructure
pwr-lin-cbl	Power grid - Power line cables number	cables=*	Number of different phase conductors for this power line section (number of cables)	infrastructure
pwr-lin-crc	Power grid - Power line circuits number	circuits=*	Number of different and separated electrical circuits built within this power line section (number of circuits)	infrastructure
pwr-plt	Power grid - Power plant	power=plant	An industrial facility for the generation of energy	infrastructure
pwr-plt-src	Power grid - Power plant Energy Source	plant:source=*	The source of the energy generated by a power plant (oil, geothermal, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, solar, tidal wave, gas, biomass)	infrastructure
pwr-plt-cap	Power grid - Power plant Capacity	plant:output:electricity=*	Power plants can output multiple forms of energy (yes / x W / x kW / x MW / x GW)	infrastructure
agr-fml	Agriculture - Farmland area	landuse=farmland	Area of farmland used for tillage and pasture (animals, vegetables, flowers, fruit growing)	agriculture
agr-crp	Agriculture - Farmland crop type	crop=*	The crop produced by cultivated land	agriculture
agr-anm	Agriculture - Farmland animal produce	produce=live_animal	Where the whole live animal is produced/sold	agriculture
env-fst	Natural environment - Forest	landuse=forest	Forest or woodland is an area covered by trees	natural_environment
env-fst-cls	Natural environment - Closed Forest	landuse=forest	Area covered by trees	natural_environment
env-wdl	Natural environment - Woodland	natural=wood	Area covered by trees	natural_environment
env-scr	Natural environment - Scrub	natural=scrub	Plant community characterized by vegetation dominated by shrubs (bush), often also including grasses, herbs, and geophytes	natural_environment
env-dws	Natural environment - Dwarf-scrub and Related Communities	natural=heath	A dwarf-shrub habitat, characterized by open, low growing woody vegetation, often dominated by heather plants	natural_environment
env-hrb	Natural environment - Herbaceous Vegetation	wetland=*	Tall graminoid vegetation, medium tall grassland, short grassland, forb vegetation or hydromorphic fresh-water vegetation	natural_environment
sei-eco	Socio-economic indicator - Economy	Not Applicable	Measures the welfare and social security levels of communities	economic_indicator
sei-edu	Socio-economic indicator - Education	Not Applicable	Provides information about invested resources and expected outcome of education, access and participation to education	economic_indicator
sei-env	Socio-economic indicator - Environment	Not Applicable	Defines the underlying conditions that make an environment susceptible to damage, disaster experience and prevalence	economic_indicator
sei-gov	Socio-economic indicator - Governance and Institutional Capacity	Not Applicable	Institutional performance and regulatory efficiency, corruption control and stability of political system	economic_indicator
sei-hlt	Socio-economic indicator - Health	Not Applicable	Population health conditions and health sector capabilities	economic_indicator
sei-idx	Socio-economic indicator - Index	Not Applicable	Range of indexes that cover different sectors, for example, the Disaster Risk Index used by the United Nation Development programme to monitor the global evolution of risk	economic_indicator
sei-inf	Socio-economic indicator - Infrastructure	Not Applicable	Transportation and communication infrastructure, status and access to utility lifelines	economic_indicator
sei-pop	Socio-economic indicator - Population	Not Applicable	Defines community demographics: structure, distribution and size	population

unit_currency

See also

units

Codes

Download CSV file

Code	Title	Valid Until
INT	International Dollar (PPP-adjusted)
AED	UAE Dirham
AFN	Afghani
ALL	Lek
AMD	Armenian Dram
AOA	Kwanza
ARS	Argentine Peso
AUD	Australian Dollar
AWG	Aruban Florin
AZN	Azerbaijan Manat
BAM	Convertible Mark
BBD	Barbados Dollar
BDT	Taka
BHD	Bahraini Dinar
BIF	Burundi Franc
BMD	Bermudian Dollar
BND	Brunei Dollar
BOB	Boliviano
BOV	Mvdol
BRL	Brazilian Real
BSD	Bahamian Dollar
BTN	Ngultrum
BWP	Pula
BYN	Belarusian Ruble
BZD	Belize Dollar
CAD	Canadian Dollar
CDF	Congolese Franc
CHE	WIR Euro
CHF	Swiss Franc
CHW	WIR Franc
CLF	Unidad de Fomento
CLP	Chilean Peso
CNY	Yuan Renminbi
COP	Colombian Peso
COU	Unidad de Valor Real
CRC	Costa Rican Colon
CUP	Cuban Peso
CVE	Cabo Verde Escudo
CZK	Czech Koruna
DJF	Djibouti Franc
DKK	Danish Krone
DOP	Dominican Peso
DZD	Algerian Dinar
EGP	Egyptian Pound
ERN	Nakfa
ETB	Ethiopian Birr
EUR	Euro
FJD	Fiji Dollar
FKP	Falkland Islands Pound
GBP	Pound Sterling
GEL	Lari
GHS	Ghana Cedi
GIP	Gibraltar Pound
GMD	Dalasi
GNF	Guinean Franc
GTQ	Quetzal
GYD	Guyana Dollar
HKD	Hong Kong Dollar
HNL	Lempira
HTG	Gourde
HUF	Forint
IDR	Rupiah
ILS	New Israeli Sheqel
INR	Indian Rupee
IQD	Iraqi Dinar
IRR	Iranian Rial
ISK	Iceland Krona
JMD	Jamaican Dollar
JOD	Jordanian Dinar
JPY	Yen
KES	Kenyan Shilling
KGS	Som
KHR	Riel
KMF	Comorian Franc
KPW	North Korean Won
KRW	Won
KWD	Kuwaiti Dinar
KYD	Cayman Islands Dollar
KZT	Tenge
LAK	Lao Kip
LBP	Lebanese Pound
LKR	Sri Lanka Rupee
LRD	Liberian Dollar
LSL	Loti
LYD	Libyan Dinar
MAD	Moroccan Dirham
MDL	Moldovan Leu
MGA	Malagasy Ariary
MKD	Denar
MMK	Kyat
MNT	Tugrik
MOP	Pataca
MRU	Ouguiya
MUR	Mauritius Rupee
MVR	Rufiyaa
MWK	Malawi Kwacha
MXN	Mexican Peso
MXV	Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI)
MYR	Malaysian Ringgit
MZN	Mozambique Metical
NAD	Namibia Dollar
NGN	Naira
NIO	Cordoba Oro
NOK	Norwegian Krone
NPR	Nepalese Rupee
NZD	New Zealand Dollar
OMR	Rial Omani
PAB	Balboa
PEN	Sol
PGK	Kina
PHP	Philippine Peso
PKR	Pakistan Rupee
PLN	Zloty
PYG	Guarani
QAR	Qatari Rial
RON	Romanian Leu
RSD	Serbian Dinar
RUB	Russian Ruble
RWF	Rwanda Franc
SAR	Saudi Riyal
SBD	Solomon Islands Dollar
SCR	Seychelles Rupee
SDG	Sudanese Pound
SEK	Swedish Krona
SGD	Singapore Dollar
SHP	Saint Helena Pound
SLE	Leone
SOS	Somali Shilling
SRD	Surinam Dollar
SSP	South Sudanese Pound
STN	Dobra
SVC	El Salvador Colon
SYP	Syrian Pound
SZL	Lilangeni
THB	Baht
TJS	Somoni
TMT	Turkmenistan New Manat
TND	Tunisian Dinar
TOP	Pa’anga
TRY	Turkish Lira
TTD	Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
TWD	New Taiwan Dollar
TZS	Tanzanian Shilling
UAH	Hryvnia
UGX	Uganda Shilling
USD	US Dollar
USN	US Dollar (Next day)
UYI	Uruguay Peso en Unidades Indexadas (UI)
UYU	Peso Uruguayo
UYW	Unidad Previsional
UZS	Uzbekistan Sum
VED	Bolívar Soberano
VES	Bolívar Soberano
VND	Dong
VUV	Vatu
WST	Tala
XAD	Arab Accounting Dinar
XAF	CFA Franc BEAC
XAG	Silver
XAU	Gold
XBA	Bond Markets Unit European Composite Unit (EURCO)
XBB	Bond Markets Unit European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6)
XBC	Bond Markets Unit European Unit of Account 9 (E.U.A.-9)
XBD	Bond Markets Unit European Unit of Account 17 (E.U.A.-17)
XCD	East Caribbean Dollar
XCG	Caribbean Guilder
XDR	SDR (Special Drawing Right)
XOF	CFA Franc BCEAO
XPD	Palladium
XPF	CFP Franc
XPT	Platinum
XSU	Sucre
XTS	Codes specifically reserved for testing purposes
XUA	ADB Unit of Account
XXX	The codes assigned for transactions where no currency is involved
YER	Yemeni Rial
ZAR	Rand
ZMW	Zambian Kwacha
ZWG	Zimbabwe Gold
ADP	Andorran Peseta	2003-07
AFA	Afghani	2003-01
ALK	Old Lek	1989-12
ANG	Netherlands Antillean Guilder	2025-03
AOK	Kwanza	1991-03
AON	New Kwanza	2000-02
AOR	Kwanza Reajustado	2000-02
ARA	Austral	1992-01
ARP	Peso Argentino	1985-07
ARY	Peso	1989/1990
ATS	Schilling	2002-03
AYM	Azerbaijan Manat	2005-10
AZM	Azerbaijanian Manat	2005-12
BAD	Dinar	1998-07
BEC	Convertible Franc	1990-03
BEF	Belgian Franc	2002-03
BEL	Financial Franc	1990-03
BGJ	Lev A/52	1989/1990
BGK	Lev A/62	1989/1990
BGL	Lev	2003-11
BGN	Bulgarian Lev	2026-01
BOP	Peso boliviano	1987-02
BRB	Cruzeiro	1986-03
BRC	Cruzado	1989-02
BRE	Cruzeiro	1993-03
BRN	New Cruzado	1990-03
BRR	Cruzeiro Real	1994-07
BUK	Kyat	1990-02
BYB	Belarusian Ruble	2001-01
BYR	Belarusian Ruble	2017-01
CHC	WIR Franc (for electronic)	2004-11
CSD	Serbian Dinar	2006-10
CSJ	Krona A/53	1989/1990
CSK	Koruna	1993-03
CUC	Peso Convertible	2021-06
CYP	Cyprus Pound	2008-01
DDM	Mark der DDR	1990-10
DEM	Deutsche Mark	2002-03
ECS	Sucre	2000-09
ECV	Unidad de Valor Constante (UVC)	2000-09
EEK	Kroon	2011-01
ESA	Spanish Peseta	1981-12
ESB	“A” Account (convertible Peseta Account)	1994-12
ESP	Spanish Peseta	2002-03
FIM	Markka	2002-03
FRF	French Franc	2002-03
GEK	Georgian Coupon	1995-10
GHC	Cedi	2008-01
GHP	Ghana Cedi	2007-06
GNE	Syli	1989-12
GNS	Syli	1986-02
GQE	Ekwele	1986-06
GRD	Drachma	2002-03
GWE	Guinea Escudo	1976-02
GWP	Guinea-Bissau Peso	1997-05
HRD	Croatian Dinar	1995-01
HRK	Kuna	2023-01
IEP	Irish Pound	2002-03
ILP	Pound	1980-02
ILR	Old Shekel	1985-09
ISJ	Old Krona	1981-01
ITL	Italian Lira	2002-03
LAJ	Pathet Lao Kip	1979-12
LSM	Loti	1985-05
LTL	Lithuanian Litas	2014-12
LTT	Talonas	1993-07
LUC	Luxembourg Convertible Franc	1990-03
LUF	Luxembourg Franc	2002-03
LUL	Luxembourg Financial Franc	1990-03
LVL	Latvian Lats	2014-01
LVR	Latvian Ruble	1994-12
MGF	Malagasy Franc	2004-12
MLF	Mali Franc	1984-11
MRO	Ouguiya	2017-12
MTL	Maltese Lira	2008-01
MTP	Maltese Pound	1983-06
MVQ	Maldive Rupee	1989-12
MXP	Mexican Peso	1993-01
MZE	Mozambique Escudo	1980-06
MZM	Mozambique Metical	2006-06
NIC	Cordoba	1990-10
NLG	Netherlands Guilder	2002-03
PEH	Sol	1989/1990
PEI	Inti	1991-07
PES	Sol	1986-02
PLZ	Zloty	1997-01
PTE	Portuguese Escudo	2002-03
RHD	Rhodesian Dollar	1980-04
ROK	Leu A/52	1989/1990
ROL	Old Leu	2005-06
RUR	Russian Ruble	2004-01
SDD	Sudanese Dinar	2007-07
SDP	Sudanese Pound	1998-06
SIT	Tolar	2007-01
SKK	Slovak Koruna	2009-01
SLL	Leone	2023-12
SRG	Surinam Guilder	2003-12
STD	Dobra	2017-12
SUR	Rouble	1990-12
TJR	Tajik Ruble	2001-04
TMM	Turkmenistan Manat	2009-01
TPE	Timor Escudo	2002-11
TRL	Old Turkish Lira	2005-12
UAK	Karbovanet	1996-09
UGS	Uganda Shilling	1987-05
UGW	Old Shilling	1989/1990
USS	US Dollar (Same day)	2014-03
UYN	Old Uruguay Peso	1989-12
UYP	Uruguayan Peso	1993-03
VEB	Bolivar	2008-01
VEF	Bolívar	2018-08
VNC	Old Dong	1989/1990
XEU	European Currency Unit (E.C.U)	1999-01
XFO	Gold-Franc	2006-10
XFU	UIC-Franc	2013-11
XRE	RINET Funds Code	1999-11
YDD	Yemeni Dinar	1991-09
YUD	New Yugoslavian Dinar	1990-01
YUM	New Dinar	2003-07
YUN	Yugoslavian Dinar	1995-11
ZAL	Financial Rand	1995-03
ZMK	Zambian Kwacha	2012-12
ZRN	New Zaire	1999-06
ZRZ	Zaire	1994-02
ZWC	Rhodesian Dollar	1989-12
ZWD	Zimbabwe Dollar	2008-08
ZWL	Zimbabwe Dollar	2024-09
ZWN	Zimbabwe Dollar (new)	2006-09
ZWR	Zimbabwe Dollar	2009-06